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Definition
| The orbit of each planet is an ellipse with the sun at one focus. |
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| the line between a planet and the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal time. |
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| the ratio of the squares of the periods to the cubes of their average distances to the sun is the same for everyone of the planets. |
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can deduce information on the distribution of mass within the earth. Done by calculating and comparing the moments of ineritia about different axes throug the earth. Directly related to the kinetic energy due to it's rotational velocity.
KE=1/2mv^2 v^2=w^2(r^2)
KE=1/2m(w^2r^2)
KE=1/2w^2(I) I=mr^2 |
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Definition
1 gal=1cm/s^2
1 mgal=.001cm/s^2 |
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| the force of the sun applies a torque on the equitorial bulge which causes the axis of rotation to move in a clockwise motion. Changes seasons every 27,000 years. |
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| outward forces due to earths rotation. Max at equator, min at poles. |
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| when sun and moon are inline with the earth. Extra large tides occur since moon and sun gravity working together |
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| when sun and moon are perpendicular to the earth. will cause weaker tides because sun and moon gravity work against each other |
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| Earth spinning faster than the moon, so tidal bulge is in front of the direct line from earth to moon. Moon's gravitational force pulls back the bulge and causes slowing of the earth. This also causes the moon to speed up which contributes to lunar regression. Overall equilibrium is the moon orbiting at the same velocity the earth is spinning. |
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Definition
| Equipotential Surface of the real earth as it exists. Equilibrium surface that water would obtain on the surface of the present earth. |
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Definition
| Equipotential surface that would be obtained over an ideal axially symmetric earth as described by international gravity formula. |
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Definition
Eccentricity: every 100,000 years
Axial Tilt: 2 degree change every 40,000 years
Precession: every 27,000 years |
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Term
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Definition
| Orbital distance to which a body will begin to break up under the action of tidal forces. When gravitational and centripetal forces due to the parent planet are equal to the gravitational forces between different parts of the body itself. |
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Term
| Tides developing on opposite side of the moon |
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Definition
| due to centrifugal forces from the rotation of the earth |
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Definition
| determined by the balance of gravitational and centrifugal forces. |
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Term
| precession of the orbit of the satellite |
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Definition
| centrifugal force constant, variation in the gravity field causes the orbit to precess. |
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Term
| Ellipticities of the Earth |
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Definition
| Homogeneous hydrostatic, satellite, hydrostatic, dynamical, spherical |
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