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geometry vocab
exam vocabulary terms
54
Mathematics
10th Grade
06/05/2011

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Term
image
Definition
New figure
Term
preimage
Definition
original image 
Term
transformation
Definition
maps preimage to image
Term
reflection
Definition

mirrors image,

reflects on a line

Term
Rotation
Definition
transformation turned about a point
Term
translation
Definition
maps 2 points to primes so that they're collinear, parallel of equal
Term
vector
Definition
magnitude and direction
Term
glide reflection
Definition
a translation and a reflection
Term
isometry
Definition
preserves length measure and distance
Term
initial point
Definition
starting point
Term
terminal point
Definition
ending point
Term
composition
Definition
2 or more transformations
Term
ratio
Definition
a to b, 2 quantities measured in same units 
Term
proportions
Definition
equates 2 ratios
Term
means
Definition

a/b=c/d

B and C are means

Term
extremes
Definition

a/b=c/d

A and D are extremes

Term
Geometric mean
Definition
measures are equal
Term
similar polygons
Definition

2 polygons w/ congruent angles,

proportional

Term
scale factor
Definition
equal ratios of length and 2 polygons
Term
dilation
Definition

maps every point to its prime,

gets bigger or smaller

Term
reduction
Definition
0<k<1
Term
enlargement
Definition
k>1
Term
pythagorean triple
Definition

a^2 + b^2 = c^2

ex. 3,4,5

Term
trigonometric ratio
Definition
proportional lengths of 2 side of a right triangle
Term
angle of elevation 
Definition
looking at point in distance the angle is made by your line of sight and the horizon
Term
magnitude of a vector
Definition
distance from initial point to terminal point of a vector
Term
circle
Definition
points in a plane equidistance from a point
Term
secant
Definition
line intersects circle at 2 points
Term
tangent 
Definition
line in circle intersects at 1 point
Term
point of tangency
Definition
point where tangent line intersects circle
Term
central angle
Definition
angle with vertex at center of circle
Term
inscribed angle
Definition
angle with vertex on circle, sides are chords
Term
intercepted arc
Definition
arc lies on interior of inscribed angle with points on angle
Term
locus
Definition
set of points that satisfies a condition(s)
Term
diameter
Definition
chord passes through center of circle
Term
chord
Definition
segment with endpoint on circle
Term
concentric circles
Definition
coplanar circles with common center
Term
common tangent
Definition
line/segment tangent to 2 coplanar circles
Term
apothem
Definition
distance from center of polygon to any side
Term
sector
Definition
bounded by 2 radius
Term
probability
Definition
ratio 0:1 likelihood that something will happen
Term
polyhedron
Definition

solid

all faces are a polygon

Term
platonic solid
Definition
1st 5 regular polyhedron
Term
sphere
Definition
locust of points in space given distance from center
Term
lateral face
Definition
parallelogram formed by connecting vertices
Term
oblique prism
Definition
lateral edges arent parallel to bases
Term
surface area
Definition
sum of area of all faces
Term
lateral area
Definition
sum of area of all lateral faces
Term
volume
Definition
number of cubic units in a solid
Term
great circle
Definition
intersection of sphere in a plane containing center of sphere
Term
prism
Definition
polyhedron with 2 congruent parallel bases, lateral faces are parallelograms, height is parallel to bases
Term
cylinder 
Definition
solid w/ congruent circle bases
Term
pyramid
Definition
polyhedron which base is a polygon, lateral faces are triangular w/ common vertex 
Term
 cone
Definition
solid w/ circular base and vertex at top
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