Term
| Which seismic waves compress and expand rocks in the direction the waves travel? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of plate boundary occurs where two plates grind past each other without destroying or producing lithosphere? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do earthquakes often cause damaging fires? |
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Definition
| Earthquake vibrations can break gas lines, water lines, and electrical lines |
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Term
| Tensional stresses commonly cause which of the following? |
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Definition
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Term
| What volcanic feature is illustrated at A in Figure 10-2? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of plate boundary resulted in the volcanic activity illustrated in figure 10-2? |
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Definition
| oceanic-continental convergent boundary |
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Term
| A fault in which the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall is a ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of volcano is built almost entirely from ejected lava fragments? |
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Definition
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Term
| The particles produced in volcanic eruptions are called __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What feature is labeled A in figure 10-17? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of volcano is illustrated in Figure 10-17? |
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Definition
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Term
| A tectonic plate consists of ________. |
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Definition
| the crust and uppermost mantle |
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Term
| Which of the following can be produced at an ocean-continental convergent boundary? |
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Definition
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Term
| Earthquakes are usually associated with _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most abundant gas associated with volcanic activity? |
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Definition
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Term
| An earthquake's epicenter is _________. |
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Definition
| the place on the surface directly above the focus |
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Term
| The Richter magnitude of an earthquake is determined from the _________. |
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Definition
| measurement of the amplitude of the largest seismic wave |
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Term
| Which of the following factors helps determine whether a volcanic eruption will be violent or relatively quiet? |
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Definition
| composition of the magma, temperature of the magma, and amount of dissolved gases in the magma |
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Term
| The broad, slightly dome-shaped volcanoes of Hawaii are _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Faults in which movement is mainly horizontal and parallel to the trend of the fault surface are called _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| In Figure 3-1, what process or processes would be occurring in the part of the rock cycle labeled E? |
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Definition
| compaction and cementation |
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Term
| In Figure 3-1, what type of rock should occur in the part of the cycle labeled B? |
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Definition
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Term
| According to the theory of plate tectonics, __________. |
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Definition
| the lithosphere is divided into plates |
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Term
| The Hawaiian Islands were formed when the Pacific Plate moved over _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| A tsunami can occur when there is vertical movement at a fault under __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Overall, which seismic waves are the most destructive? |
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Definition
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Term
| What forms when one oceanic plate is forced beneath another plate? |
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Definition
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Term
| When an earthquake occurs, energy radiates in all directions from its source, which is called ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The supercontinent in the continental drift hypothesis was called _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Through which Earth layer are S waves NOT transmitted? |
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Definition
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Term
| One kind of evidence that supports Wegener's hypothesis is that _________. |
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Definition
| fossils of the same organism have been found on different continents |
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of rock? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Himalayas in South Asia are an example of what type of plate boundary? |
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Definition
| convergent continental-continental boundary |
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Term
| Where is the energy source that drives the processes that form igneous and metamorphic rocks? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most of the active volcanoes on Earth are located in a belt known as the _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the major strike-slip fault in California? |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Figure 8-1, when will the first P wave be received, if an earthquake epicenter is approximately 1800 kilometers from the seismic station? |
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Definition
| 3.5 minutes after the earthquake |
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Term
| According to Figure 8-1, what is the distance between the seismic station and an earthquake epicenter, if the first S wave arrives 4.0 minutes after the first P wave? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the primary factors that determine whether a volcano erupts explosively or relatively quietly? |
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Definition
| composition of the magma, temperature of the magma, and amount of dissolved gases in the magma |
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Term
| Describe how an igneous rock becomes a sedimentary rock. |
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Definition
| Igneous rock is weathered and eroded by natural processes. The eroded/weathered particles are deposited and start the process of compaction and cementation over time. |
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Term
| List three lines of evidence that supported the hypothesis for continental drift. |
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Definition
1. continental drift - coastlines of opposite continents seem to match
2. matching fossils - fossils of similar species are found on opposite continents
3. rock types - similar mountain ranges, rivers, etc are found on opposite continents |
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Term
| Compare and contrast the movements and forces on a normal fault and a reverse fault |
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Definition
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