Term
| Which of the following properties does not depend on the chemical composition of an igneous rock/magma? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following igneous rocks has the lowest silica content? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following minerals is rarely found in felsic igneous rocks? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following pairs of intrusive and extrusive rocks have the same chemical composition? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following statements about felsic igneous rocks is true? |
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Definition
| Felsic rocks crystallize at lower temperatures than mafic rocks. |
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Term
| Solidified fragments of volcanic material ejected into the air are called ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following statements about the viscosity of lavas is true? |
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Definition
| Lava viscosity increases as the silica content of the lava increases. |
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Term
| What is the effect of water on rock melting? |
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Definition
| Water lowers the melting temperature of a rock. |
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Term
| If a magma undergoes fractional crystallization, the remaining magma will be ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following igneous rocks does not consist of volcanic glass? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of magma forms at mid-ocean ridges? |
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Definition
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Term
| The volcanism at spreading centers occurs as a result of ________ melting. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the eruption temperature of basaltic lava? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following lavas will flow downhill slowest? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which kind of magma is least likely to have large catastrophic pyroclastic eruptions? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most of the world's active volcanoes are located around the edge of which ocean? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is least likely to signal an impending volcanic eruption? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the U.S. volcanoes listed below is considered to pose the greatest risk to the population? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the plate tectonic environment that has caused the formation of the volcanoes of the Cascade Range in Oregon and Washington States (including Mt. Rainier, Mt. St. Helens)? |
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Definition
| Subduction zone environment |
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Term
| What type of sediments are accumulations of solid fragments produced by weathering? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following statements about transportation of sediment is false? |
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Definition
| Smaller particles settle faster than larger particles. |
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Term
| Which of the following minerals would be most concentrated at a site containing heavily weathered sediments? |
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Definition
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Term
| The tendency for variations in current velocity to segregate sediments on the basis of particle size is called ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The type of weathering whereby rocks may be dissolved is called _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The study of sedimentary rocks helps geoscientists determine ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| In what type of rocks are you most likely to find oil, natural gas, and coal? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which kind of mineral is most resistant to chemical weathering? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following environments is an example of a shoreline environment? |
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Definition
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Term
| In which of the following sedimentary environments would gravel most likely be deposited? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is not a clastic sedimentary environment? |
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Definition
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Term
| Graded bedding is a common sedimentary structure in which environment? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following lists is written in order of decreasing particle size? |
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Definition
| conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone |
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Term
| Which of the following is an example of a clastic sedimentary rock? |
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Definition
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Term
| The most abundant chemical/biochemical sedimentary rocks are ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Coal is produced from the diagenesis of ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following rocks is composed of calcium carbonate? |
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Definition
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Term
| The diagonal layers are called ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| In what type of environment did the ripples depicted above most likely form? |
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Definition
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Term
| Assuming the sand dune was deposited by wind currents, which way was the wind blowing? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the pressure on a rock at 15-km depth in the Earth's crust? |
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Definition
| approximately 4000 times atmospheric pressure |
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Term
| What is the average rate at which temperature increases with depth in the Earth's crust? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following statements about the metamorphism of a shale is false? |
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Definition
| With increasing metamorphism, the grain size of the rock gets smaller. |
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Term
| What type of metamorphism is caused by high temperature and high pressure imposed over a large volume of crust? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following tectonic settings may be characterized by regional, high-pressure, and ultra-high-pressure metamorphism? |
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Definition
| convergent plate boundaries |
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Term
| What kind of metamorphism would you expect to see in the rocks at a meteorite impact site? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following statements about eclogites is not true? |
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Definition
| Eclogites form next to granitic intrusions. |
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Term
| Which of the following sequences describes the metamorphic changes in a shale with increasing metamorphic grade? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following metamorphic rocks is incorrectly paired with its parent rock? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following metamorphic rocks cannot form from a shale? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the relation between metamorphic foliation and sedimentary bedding? |
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Definition
| There is no general angular relationship between sedimentary bedding and metamorphic foliation. |
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Term
| What metamorphic facies occurs at temperatures of 400°C and pressures of 6 kilobars? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following metamorphic rocks form in the forearc of a subduction zone? |
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Definition
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Term
| Different pressure-temperature zones within a belt of regionally metamorphosed rock are defined by the presence of _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of pressure-temperature pathway represents subduction zone metamorphism? |
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Definition
| high pressure and low temperature |
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Term
| Which of the index minerals listed is indicative of the highest metamorphic grade? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which list places the metamorphic facies in order of increasing metamorphic grade? |
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Definition
| greenschist, amphibolite, eclogite |
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Term
| Which of the following characteristics of metamorphic terrains inform geologists about the plate tectonic environment that led to that metamorphism? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following metamorphic rocks forms from mafic volcanic rocks? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following metamorphic minerals commonly forms porphyroblasts? |
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Definition
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