Term
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Definition
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Definition
Alpha Centauri
4 light years |
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Term
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Definition
isolated entity
well organized orbits
-lie in a plane
-counter clockwise
-ecliptic |
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Definition
| body going around a star with its own orbit, gravitational field |
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Term
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Definition
-rocky, iron core
-mercury: can't hold onto an atmosphere, hot in the light, freezing in the dark
-venus: cloud covered planet (sulfuric acid), 100's of degrees C, active planet, volcanoes
-Earth: water planet
-Mars: almost no atmosphere, was active, rocky sand |
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Definition
-between mars and jupiter
-bodies whirling around the sun |
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Definition
-Ball of hydrogen
-rocky core
-liquid H and molecular H
-Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune |
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Term
| KNOW STAR LIFE CYCLE AND INTERSTELLER MEDIUM GAS AND DUST |
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Definition
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Definition
-oldest meteorites are 4.56 ga
-oldest lunar rocks are 4.44 ga
-oldest earth crustal mineral 4.404 ga |
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Term
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Definition
-molten early earth released trapped volatile gases to surface
-as surface cooled, water vapor condensed to form ocean
-atmosphere prob. composed of mostly nitrogen, carbon dioxide, ammonia, CH6 |
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Definition
luna maria: younger
luna highlands: older
Major impacts
-impacts continued after the formation of the moons oldest crust (highlands 4.4-3.9 ga)
-impacts tampered off before formation of lunar maria crust (3.1-3.9 ga) |
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Definition
-bacteria and all other life forms alive today or in fossils are cells
-the cell can manufacture proteins in ribosomes using info in DNA pulled from RNA
-pre cellular biochemistry: production of biological molecules vs inorganic processes |
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Term
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Definition
-derived from volcanism
-H20, CO2, N2, maybe NH3, CH4, NO O2
-O3 absorbs UV rays
-molecules came back together as HCN, CH2O after being hit with UV
-gas reactions driven by UV and lightning in atmosphere
-reaction products accumulate in atmosphere and dissolve in water |
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Term
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Definition
-conducted first origin of life experiment
-produced amino acids from small gas molecules, using inorganic energy source
-17/20 essential amino acids
-nucleic acids formed similarly |
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Term
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Definition
mammals: triassic
chordates: carboniferous (reptiles amphibians)
ordorvian: fish
Animals: bottom of cambian |
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Term
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Definition
1919-1994
-mining geologist looking for uranium
-1946: discovered unknown fossils in Ediacara Hills in sandstones of late proterozoic age |
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Term
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Definition
-vendoblonta: living but not necessarily animals
-Ediacara/Vendian Faunas: soft bodied
-chemosynthetic: nutrition from absorbed substances
-no predators (garden of ediacara)
-late pre cambrian time
-Sellacher's interpretation
-not animals
-may have been photosynthetic or chemotrophic |
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Term
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Definition
-burrows
-tiny shells/spines
-large shells-trilobites, brachiopods
-adaptions for defense
-skeletons/shells
-CaCO3 (limestone)
-CaPO4 (bone, shells)
-SiO2 (silica)
-chitin: arthropods (organic polymer)
-agglutinated: shell of pre existing organic grains
-burrows into sediment |
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Term
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Definition
J. John Sepkoski
1-the explosion was an increase in species numbers
2-the number of higher taxa (phyla) also increased |
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Term
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Definition
| jointed legs, chitinous exoskeleton, ventral nerve chord |
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Term
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Definition
| foot, soft, shell of CaCO3 |
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Term
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Definition
-protist (uni-cell eukaryotes)
-porifera (sponges)
-coelenterate (jellies/corals)
-brachiopoda/bryozoa (filter feeder)
-mollusca
-arthropoda
-echinoderm |
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Term
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Definition
-mammalia
-reptilla
-aves
-amphibia
-pisces |
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Term
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Definition
Burgess Shole
1850-1927
pikaia: first known chordates (500 mya) |
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Term
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Definition
-ray fish
-bones are thin, radiate out parallel, steering
-lobe fish
-fin attached by stout bones, muscle in live, paddle/crawling
-amphibians derived |
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Term
| Amphibian Selection Pressure |
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Definition
-food supply
-O2 in air
-basking
-reproductive safety |
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Term
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Definition
-air breathers
-"scaly skin" (thick, impermeable skin)
-lay eggs when reproducing
-no feathers and fur |
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Term
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Definition
-derived from paleozoic reptiles
-triassic-cretaceous 235 ma-65 ma
-small bipedal carnivore
-euparkeria: basal ancestor
1-increase in body size in several lineages
2- reversion to a 4 footed stance in some lineages
3-a shift to herbivory |
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Definition
| a group of related species derived from a common ancestor |
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Definition
quadrupeds, herbivore
20-40 meters, 30-80 tons, 6-16 elephants |
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Definition
bipedal herbivores
heterodontosaurus
iguanodon (5 m tall, 9 m wide, 5-6 tons) |
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Term
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Definition
-quadrupedal herbivore
-9 m long, 6 tons
-osteoderm: large blood supply-possibly thermoregulation |
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Term
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Definition
quadrupedal herbivores
5-9 m
3-4 tons
"giant turtle with a bony club |
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Term
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Definition
quadrepedal herbivores
5-10 m
10 tons |
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Term
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Definition
-flying reptiles
-warm blooded carnivores
-died out at the same time as the dinosaurs
-quetzalcoatius: 3 m tall, 220 lbs, 10 m wing span |
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Term
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Definition
plesiosaur
-4 appendages like big paddles
-carnivores
-2-15 m in length
Ichthyosaur
-10 m max
-4 appendages are fins
-live birth |
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Term
| CHECK FLOWER REPRODUCTION DIAGRAMS |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
flowering plants
monocot
dicot
modified alteration of generations (modified) both kinds of sporangia (pollen and megaspore) CHECK DIAGRAM |
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Term
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Definition
psilophyte
scale trees
horse tails
ferns
**devonian times |
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Term
| ALTERATION OF GENERATIONS DIAGRAMS!!! |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
"ongoing extinction"
extinction that takes a long period of time |
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Definition
Phillips Diversity curve
1860
2 large extinctions
-triassic, cretacous |
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Term
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Definition
5 mass extinctions
1981
ordovicion: ice age
devonian: unknown
permian: largest, quickest
triassic: shortest
cretaceous: dinos and marine reptiles |
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Term
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Definition
| short duration, all over the globe, lots of species disappear |
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Term
| Metorite that killed dinosaurs |
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Definition
cretaceous
30 km/sec- cant hear it, quicker than sound
10 km diameter
vaporized crust so made a 100 km diameter
tsunami was a mile high
dust thrown into atmosphere |
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Term
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Definition
1980
clay to chalk to clay in Italy
Iridium was measured in ppb
found Ir right at 65 mya
found the crater in the 1990's, 100 km in diameters, deeply buried
-Chicxulub crater |
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Term
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Definition
volcano errupted 65 mya which could have had the Ir increase
CO2 and SO2 could have caused the massive climate change |
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Definition
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Definition
| name of oldest fossil bacteria |
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Definition
| sediment trapped by a layer of bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
archaean: fewer than 30 sites worldwide associated with volcano rock
proterozoic: more than 1000 sites, extensive reefs, formed on continental platforms |
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Term
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Definition
bacteria
DNA, ribosomes, cytosol, wall membrane |
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Term
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Definition
animals, plants, fungi, protists, 10 times bigger and with nucleus and other membranous organelles
DNA inside nucleus, mitochondria
1.8 Ga first eukaryotes
plant cells: has a chloroplast that carries out photosynthesis
organelles: part of cells that has a particular function |
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Term
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Definition
theorist of eukaryotic origin
bacteria set up inside another cell symbiotic relationships |
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Term
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Definition
1-proposed by Margulis in 1960s
2- eukaryotic cell evolved by accumulating bacteria that had specific capabilities
3-bacteria evolved into organelles
** organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own DNA and ribosomes, can make their own proteins and membranes, can duplicate themselves |
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Term
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Definition
| jointed leg, chitinous exoskeleton, ventral nerve chord |
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Term
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Definition
plates of CaCO3
water vascular system
modern
-starfish, 5 fold symmetry
-crinoid: tubed feed, 1 podial in WVS (controls pressure |
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Term
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Definition
CO2 and H20--> CH2) and O2
vascular tissue: hollow tube like cells transmit H2O in plants |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Why pond scum became land plants? |
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Definition
not enough CO2 for all of the pond scum in a pond
muddy H2O, CO2 and sunlight can't get in |
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Term
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Definition
sugar
bond together to form a polymer
cellulose: used for plant skeletons
wood: 50%
cotton: 90%
ligin: used in trees |
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Term
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Definition
sporangium: on plants, make spores diameter (100 um)
sporophyte and gametophytes: need physical transmission
Of sperm (back to diploid-alteration of generations) |
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Term
| alteration of generations |
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Definition
mode of reproduction in land plants
-alternating sexual and asexual generations in life cycle of plant
sex gen: germ cells are fertilization
Asex: growth from spore |
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Term
| name 2 gases in the early atmosphere |
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Definition
| nitrogen and carbon dioxide |
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