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Geology 105 Exam 2
Select the correct answer following the question.
56
Geology
Graduate
04/04/2011

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Term
The portion of a resource that is identified and currently available to be extracted legally is a ___________.
Definition
Reserve
Term
You will find hydrothermal mineral deposits ______________.
Definition
along plate boundaries
Term
What went on with energy consumption in the US between the 1970's and 1990's that differed from previous consumption.
Definition
Our discovery of nonrenewable resources declined while our dependency and use of those resources increased.
Term
What is the ultimate source of energy on the planet?
Definition
The Sun
Term
Ho are coal types determined?
Definition
The classification of coal is generally based on the content of volatiles. However, the exact classification varies between countries.
Term
Why is it likely coal use will increase?
Definition
As developing nations try to establish themselves, the do not see a problem in using nonrenewable resources to achieve whatever ends they want (Mainly to become a developed nation.)
Term
How are gas deposits formed?
Definition
From decaying organic matter
Term
What vanes are not necessary for deposits of ore and such.
Definition
Volcanic Rock
Term
May methane Hydrate be a viable future energy source?
Definition
YES
Term
How does acid rain from fossil fuel consumption?
Definition
Production, Transportation, and emissions from refineries. Fossil fuel use does not directly emit acids into the atmosphere. Instead, it releases large amounts of acid precursors, primarily sulfur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). When exposed to the atmosphere, these react with water to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid, components of acid deposition.
Term
What is Nuclear Fission?
Definition
is a nuclear reaction in which the nucleus of an atom splits into smaller parts (lighter nuclei), often producing free neutrons and photons (in the form of gamma rays)
Term
What is the difference between breeder and burner reactors?
Definition
In the burner fuel cycle, the uranium is cycled one time through the reactor. In the breeder reactor, design and operating parameters are be adjusted to promote the production of more fertile isotopes than are consumed in the reaction.
Term
What is the source of geothermal energy?
Definition
It is caused by the gravitational pull of the earth as it spins. As the earth pushes in on itself, the pressure increases at the core, which, as every good engineer knows, increases the temperature.
Term
What coal has the highest heat content?
Definition
Anthracite
Term
What is the rock unit on top of oil reservoirs.
Definition
Cap Rock
Term
We are not funding _____________ anymore.
Definition
Yucca mountain
Term
What systems are characterized by hot water circulation?
Definition
Coal Burning Power plants, and nuclear power plants.
Term
What does passive solar energy mean?
Definition
Use of the sun to help meet a building's energy needs by means of architectural design such as arrangement of windows and materials such as floors that store heat, or other thermal mass.
Term
When we burn waste that normally goes to a landfill - we can collect _________ from it - biomass
Definition
energy
Term
_________________ are two viable sources of energy. - same chemical formula
Definition
natural gas and methane hydrates
Term
most of our large oil and gas fields have a specific geologic setting. They are next to _____________.
Definition
tectonic boundaries
Term
we are going to run out of _______.
Definition
oil
Term
to lower __________ in lakes - we can put calcium carbonate in lakes, not long term solution.
Definition
acidity
Term
___________ is the end all be all of bad nuclear accidents
Definition
Chernobyl
Term
We can use ____________ as an energy source.
Definition
groundwater
Term
we will see more and more _____________ in the future.
Definition
windpower
Term
Interior Crocodile Alligator, I Drive A ___________ Movie Theater.
Definition
Chevrolet
Term
Fossil Fuel discoveries _______ in the 1960's.
Definition
peaked
Term
The __________ is the most common type of nuclear reactor.
Definition
Burner
Term
____________ is extracting energy associated with heat and pressure from natural hot water and steam.
Definition
Hydrothermal Energy
Term
Mineral Resources are the _________ or all modern societies.
Definition
Backbone
Term
The _____________ of mineral resources can be a measure of the wealth of a society.
Definition
Availability
Term
Mineral resources are ______________.
Definition
non-renewable
Term
____________ are a usable economic commodity (profitable) extracted from naturally formed material (elements, components, minerals, or rocks.)
Definition
Mineral Resources
Term
The erratic distribution of the resources and uneven consumption of the resources pose problems especially when _________ countries use most of the extracted resources.
Definition
Developed
Term
To respond to _________________ we could: find more sources, find a substitute, recycle, use less, do without.
Definition
limited availability of resources
Term
__________ is useful metallic minerals that can be mined for a profit.
Definition
Metallic Ore
Term
____________ are related to the origins of many ore deposits.
Definition
Plate tectonic boundaries
Term
Mineral Extraction and Processing have a _________ impact on land, water, air, and biological environments.
Definition
Direct
Term
Mineral Extraction and Processing have a _________ impact on the environment: Topographic effect, transportation of materials, etc.
Definition
Indirect
Term
Mineral Extraction and Processing have a _________ impact on the environment with an increased demand for housing and services.
Definition
Social
Term
_________________: Forbid bad mining practices, Clean Air Act, and on and offsite treatment of wastes.
Definition
Environmental Regulations
Term
Waste contains __________ materials.
Definition
Recyclable
Term
Recycling has been proven to be _________ and workable.
Definition
Profitable
Term
The most recycled metals are _________________.
Definition
Iron and Steel
Term
___________ is a long term strategy for consuming the resources.
Definition
Sustainability
Term
The benefits of oil are ___________.
Definition
undeniable
Term
The problems associated with oil are ____________.
Definition
unquestionable
Term
________ is nonrenewable and being consumed at a rate that is too fast.
Definition
Oil
Term
There is a ________________ amount of energy resources demanded and consumed in developed countries.
Definition
disproportionate
Term
___________ are constant worries from past to present and to the future over the price, dependency, power failures.
Definition
Energy Shocks
Term
The types of fossil fuels are _________________.
Definition
Coal, petroleum, and natural gas
Term
____________ is buried and preserved as fossil fuels.
Definition
Organic matter
Term
__________ is transformed plant matter in ancient swamps.
Definition
Coal
Term
________ has more Coal than any other fossil fuel resource.
Definition
America
Term
_______ is impermeable rock as a barrier to trap O & G in place, forming oil fields
Definition
Cap Rock
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