Term
Volcanic ash deposits are usually altered to a form of clay called ________.
a. Illite.
b. Bentons.
c. Bent.
d. Bentonite. |
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Definition
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Term
During the Late Silurian to early Devonian, what orogenic belt extends along the northwestern edge of Europe?
a. Amazonia. c. Laurentia.
b. Caledonian. d. Grenvillian. |
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Definition
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Term
Opening of an ocean basin, sedimentation along continental margins, and closure of ocean through plate tectonic process is called
a. an orogeny.
b. the Williams cycle.
c. the Wilson cycle.
d. the Walter cycle. |
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Definition
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Term
Glaciation in the Early Proterozoic is recorded by conglomerates and laminated mudstone of the
a. Animikie group. .
b. Gowganda formation.
c. Gunflint chert
d. Belt supergroup. |
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Definition
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Term
During the Silurian period, the Gondwanaland continent moved to the South Pole
a. true.
b. false. |
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Definition
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Term
The gathering of continents during the Neoproterozoic formed a supercontinent named
a. Pangea.
b. Rodinia.
c. Iapetus.
d. Mirovia. |
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Definition
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Term
The “Vishnu” represents the oldest rock unit at the Grand Canyon and is an example of a
a. sandstone.
b. schist.
c. slate.
d. granite. |
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Definition
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Term
The rifting of modern continents started
a. 100 m.y.bp. c. 300 m.y.bp.
b. 200 m.y.bp. d. 400 m.y. bp. |
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Definition
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Term
Silurian sea levels were high worldwide.
a. true.
b. false. |
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Definition
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Term
The collisions of which two continents led to the closure of the Proto-Atlantic Ocean?
a. Laurentia and Siberia. c. China and Baltica.
b. Laurentia and Baltica. d. Baltica and Siberia. |
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Definition
| b. Laurentia and Baltica. |
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Term
Evaporites are formed within what sections of the latitude?
a. 40o N and S of the equator.
b. 20o N and S of the equator.
c. 50o N and S of the equator.
d. 30o N and S of the equator. |
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Definition
| d. 30o N and S of the equator. |
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Term
Around 570 million years ago, rifting began again, and South America began to separate from North America, forming what ocean?
a. Letapus. c. Proto-Pacific.
b. Panthalassa. d. Iapetus. |
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Definition
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Term
_________ are multicellular animals with various types of cells organized into tissues and organs.
a. Acritarchs. c. Cyclomedusa.
b. Metazoans. d. Prokaryotes. |
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Definition
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Term
During this orogeny, the east coast of Laurentia (North America) lay adjacent to a block of western
South America termed Amazonia.
a. Grenville. c. Varangian
b. Gowgande d. Hudsonian |
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Definition
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Term
The Vishnu schist of the Grand Canyon of the southwestern U.S. was emplaced 1.4 – 1.3 billion years ago as part of what orogeny?
a. Mazatzal orogeny c. Trans-Hudson orogeny
b. Wopmay orogeny d. Grenville orogeny |
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Definition
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Term
The Varangian glaciation which is described as a period of extensive glaciation as evidenced by the tillites, dropstones, and varied clays occurred during
a. Neoproterozoic. c. Paleoproterozoic.
b. Grenville. d. Mesoproterozoic. |
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Definition
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Term
This Paleoproterozoic orogenic belt lies along the western margin of the Slave province in Canada’s Northwest Territory and is the oldest.
a. Wopmay orogeny c. Grenville orogeny
b. Hudson orogeny d. Gowganda orogeny |
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Definition
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Term
The Superior province that welded (joined) the Hearne and Wyoming provinces during
a. Grenville orogeny. c. Trans-Hudson orogeny.
b. Wopmay orogeny. d. Keweenawan. |
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Definition
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Term
The Proterozoic Eon began about how many billion years ago?
a. 3.5 c. 2.5
b. 3.0 d. 2.0 |
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Definition
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Term
Taconic Orogenic belt lies between Laurentia and Baltica.
a. true.
b. false. |
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Definition
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Term
First glaciations that occurred during Paleoproterozoic era in Earth history is called
a. Hudson. b. Huronian.
c. Permian. d. greenvile. |
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Definition
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Term
The sequence of sediment deposition on the North American craton during the Paleozoic, from oldest to youngest, is
a. Sauk, Tippecanoe, Kaskaskia, Absaroka.
b. Absaroka, Kaskaskia, Tippecanoe, Sauk.
c. Tippecanoe, Kaskaskia, Sauk, Absaroka.
d. Sauk, Absaroka, Kaskaskia, Tippecanoe. |
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Definition
| a. Sauk, Tippecanoe, Kaskaskia, Absaroka. |
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Term
A large-scale, lithostratigraphic unit that represents a major transgressive-regressive cycle and is bounded by a regional unconformity is called a
a. platform. c. cratonic sequence.
b. shield. d. cyclothem. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the periods is not part of the Late Paleozoic Era
a. Cretaceous. b. Mississippian.
c. Permian. d. Devonian. |
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Definition
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Term
In order of youngest to the oldest, the Early Paleozoic Era can be divided into
a. Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian.
b. Ordovician, Sulurian, Cambrian.
c. Silurian, Ordovician, Cambrian.
d. Devonian, Silurian, Ordovician. |
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Definition
| d. Devonian, Silurian, Ordovician. |
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Term
During orogenies, strata are intensely deformed along the edges of the continent. Why
a. igneous intrusion c. continental tension
b. continental collision d. metamorphism |
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Definition
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Term
The Appalachian region was built by three major orogenies. One of these is not part of these orogenies.
a. Taconic. b. Alleghanian.
c. Hudsonian. d. Acadian |
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Definition
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Term
During the Early Paleozoic, tidal effects on earth were stronger than the present day. Why?
a. moon was farther from earth
b. due to glaciations
c. absence of moon
d. moon was closer to earth |
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Definition
| d. moon was closer to earth |
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Term
During the Early Paleozoic, the earth spun faster and had shorter days. Why?
a. was closer to the sun. c. absence of mars.
b. large orbit. d. lack of moon. |
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Definition
| a. was closer to the sun. |
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Term
One of these is not a major transgression that occurred during the Early Paleozoic in North America
a. Sauk sequences. c. Tippecanoe sequence.
b. Absaroka. |
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Definition
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Term
One of these factors is a trigger to sea level fall
a. glaciations. c. coastal up rise.
b. coastal subsidence. |
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Definition
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Term
The seaward movement of the ocean defines
a. uniformitarianism. c. regression.
b. transgression. d. Wilson cycle. |
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Definition
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Term
Cratonic sequences correspond to Vail’s curves of global sea level change
a. true.
b. false. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the sequences from bottom to top represent a typical transgressive sequence?
a. sandstone, shell, limestone.
b. limestone, shell, sandstone.
c. shell, sandstone, limestone.
d. sandstone, dolostone, limestone. |
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Definition
| b. limestone, shell, sandstone. |
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Term
Which of these statements is true?
a. unconformities cover a great time range near center of the craton
b. unconformities near the edge of the craton spans more time
c. all of the above |
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Definition
| a. unconformities cover a great time range near center of the craton |
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Term
The Siberia continent comprised of all but one
a. N of Mangolia. c. Russia.
b. South America. d. Ural Mountains |
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Definition
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Term
The China continent comprised of all but one
a. Indochina. c. Malay Peninsula.
b. Indojapan. |
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Definition
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Term
The six major continents derived from the breakup of Rodinia were
a. Laurentia, Baltica, Kayalchstania, Siberia, China, and Gondwana.
b. Laurasia, Baltica, Kayalchstania, Siberia, China, and Gondwana.
c. Laurentia, Baltica, Kayalchstania, Siberia, China, and Gowganda.
d. Laurasia, Baltica, Kayalchstania, Siberia, China, and Gowganda. |
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Definition
| c. Laurentia, Baltica, Kayalchstania, Siberia, China, and Gowganda. |
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Term
The Phanerozoic Eon includes these three eras.
a. Proterozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic.
b. Proterozoic, Jurassic, Cenozoic.
c. Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic.
d. Paleozoic, Jurassic, Cenozoic. |
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Definition
| a. Proterozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic. |
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Term
Which of these regions is part of ancient Kazakhstania continent?
a. China. c. Ireland.
b. Scotland. d. Germany. |
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Definition
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Term
North America collided with Gondwanaland during the Pennsylvanian Period, causing the Alleghenian Orogeny. Which mountain range was uplifted by this event?
A. Rocky Mountains
B. Himalaya Mountains
C. Appalachian Mountains |
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Definition
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Term
During the Upper Devonian Acadian Orogeny in the eastern part of what is now the United States, the Catskill clastic sedimentary rock wedge was deposited in a _______________ direction.
A. eastern
B. western
C. southern
D. northern |
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Definition
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Term
Taconic Orogeny occurred between what times?
A. 480 – 460 m.y. ago.
B. 580 – 560 m.y. ago.
C. 680 – 660 m.y. ago. |
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Definition
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Term
The first metazoans (multicellular animals), which first appeared approximately 630 million years ago
A. had hard parts that were easily preserved as fossils.
B. had no hard parts and were poorly preserved as impressions in soft sediment
C. did not leave any fossil evidence |
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Definition
| B. had no hard parts and were poorly preserved as impressions in soft sediment |
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Term
Orogenic belts most commonly occur
A. at the edges of continents
B. in the centers of continents
C. at both the edges and centers of continents. |
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Definition
| A. at the edges of continents |
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Term
The Taconic Orogeny was caused by
A. an increase in the spreading rate along the mid-Atlantic Ridge.
B. collision of South America with Australia.
C. collision of North America with an island arc. |
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Definition
| C. collision of North America with an island arc. |
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Term
The Queenstone clastic wedge was ____________ of the uplands produced by the Taconic Orogeny.
A. southeast
B. southwest
C. northwest |
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Definition
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Term
Which Early Paleozoic continent was formed during the breakup of Rodinia, which includes what is now North America?
A. Baltica
B. Siberia
C. Laurentia |
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Definition
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Term
The eon that began 2.5 billion years ago and ended 544 million years ago and contains 42 percent of the earth’s history is the
A. Neoproterozoic. C. Phanerozoic.
B. Archean. |
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Definition
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Term
The Precambrian provinces were welded together to form a large continent called ____ this event occurred during the early Proterozoic.
a. Amazonia.
b. Rodinia.
c. Laurentia.
d. Grenvillian. |
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Definition
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