Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Geology 100: Earth In Action Exam 1
Exam 1 terms
23
Geology
Undergraduate 2
02/06/2011

Additional Geology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
1950 DA
Definition
Earth-crossing asteroid. 0.6 miles in diameter. It has a 1 in 300 chance of hitting the earth on march 16, 2880. 1950 is the Near-Earth Object (NEO) with the greatest chance of hitting the earth in the next 800 years.
Term
Accretion
Definition
: a process by which material is added to a tectonic plate or a landmass. This material may be sediment, volcanic arcs, seamounts or other igneous features.
Term
Achondrite
Definition
a stony meteorite that does not contain chondrules. It consists of material similar to terrestrial basalts or plutonic rocks and has been differentiated and reprocessed to a lesser or greater degree due to melting and recrystallization on or within meteorite parent bodies[2][3]. As a result, achondrites have distinct textures and mineralogies indicative of igneous processes.
Term
Aluminum (Al)
Definition
Aluminium is the most abundant metal in the Earth's crust, and the third most abundant element, after oxygen and silicon. It makes up about 8% by weight of the Earth's solid surface.
Term
Anthropogenic:
Definition
effects, processes, or materials are those that are derived from human activities, as opposed to those occurring in biophysical environments without human influence.
Term
Apophis:
Definition
An Earth Crossing Asteroid. 1000 ft in diameter. Was originally calculated to have a 1 in 45,000 chance of striking Earth on Easter Sunday, 2036. Better tracking now puts the odds at no greater than 1 in 250,000.
Term
Archean Eon
Definition
a geologic eon before the Paleoproterozoic Era of the Proterozoic Eon, before 2.5 Ga (billion years ago, or 2,500 Ma).
Term
Asteroid:
Definition
: a class of small Solar System bodies in orbit around the Sun.
Term
Astronomical Unit:
Definition
a unit of length equal to about 149,597,870.7 kilometres[1] (92,955,807.27 miles) or approximately the mean Earth–Sun distance.
Term
Atmosphere:
Definition
a layer of gases that may surround a material body of sufficient mass,[3]and that is held in place by the gravity of the body.
Term
Big Bang Theory
Definition
: a model for the evolution of the universe in which a dense, hot state was followed by expansion, cooling and a less dense state.
Term
Bok Globules:
Definition
dark clouds of dense cosmic dust and gas in which star formation sometimes takes place.
Term
Bow Shock
Definition
a boundary between a magnetosphere and an ambient medium. For stars, this is typically the boundary between their stellar wind and the interstellar medium. In a planetary magnetosphere, the bow shock is the boundary at which the speed of the solar wind abruptly drops as a result of its approach to the magnetopause.
Term
Calcium (Ca):
Definition
Calcium is a soft gray alkaline earth metal, and is the fifth most abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust.
Term
Capture Hypothesis
Definition
The capture theory, proposed by M. M. Woolfson in 1964, posits that the Solar System formed from tidal interactions between the Sun and a low-density protostar. The Sun's gravity would have drawn material from the diffuse atmosphere of the protostar, which would then have collapsed to form the planets.[7] However, the capture theory predicts a different age for the Sun than for the planets,[citation needed] whereas the similar ages of the Sun and the rest of the Solar System indicate that they formed at roughly the same time.[8]
Term
Carbon Dioxide
Definition
CO2 - It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure and exists in Earth's atmosphere in this state. CO2 is a trace gas comprising 0.039% of the atmosphere.
Term
Chondrite
Definition
tony meteorites that have not been modified due to melting or differentiation of the parent body. They formed when various types of dust and small grains that were present in the early solar system accreted to form primitive asteroids.
Term
Chromium (Cr)
Definition
1 of 10 elements that makes up over 99.9% of the earth
Term
Climate System
Definition
Weather happens in the biosphere which is made up of the hydrosphere and atmosphere. it is an "open system" which means that the driving energy comes from outside.
Term
Co-accretion hypothesis
Definition
suggests the Moon formed as a separate object in close association with the forming Earth. That is, they formed at the same time and at the same distance from the sun. This theory fails to explain why the Moon’s core is so much smaller than Earth’s. It also fails to explain the more subtle differences in the chemical composition at the surface, for example, the deficiency on the Moon of volatile metals like gold and lead.
Term
Coal
Definition
Coal is composed primarily of carbon along with variable quantities of other elements, chiefly sulfur, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
Term
Cobalt (Co)
Definition
It is found naturally only in chemically combined form. The free element, produced by reductive smelting, is a hard, lustrous, silver-gray metal. One of the 10 elements that makes up 99% of the earth.
Term
Comet
Definition
Occationally perturbed into the inner solar system.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!