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| Examines the materials composing Earth and seeks to understand processes that operate beneath and up on its surface |
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| The study of the Earth's origin and its development through time. |
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| Strives to establish a chronological arrangement of the physical and biological changes that have occurred in the past |
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| Logical beginning to studying geology. |
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| Common geological belief in the 17th and 18th centuries, that the Earth's landscape was carved by great catastrophes. |
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| "The present is key to the past" would be along what line of geological thinking? |
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| Writer of "Theory of the Earth". Founded uniformitarianism (geological processes of today happened in the past). |
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| Placing things in there proper order with no timeframe. |
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| States that in layers of sedimentary rock or lava flows the bottom layer is the oldest |
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| Remains or traces of prehistoric life |
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| fossil organisms succeed each other in a definite and determinable order, therefore any time period can be recognized by its fossil content |
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| principle of fossil succession |
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| Based on the assumption that the natural world behaves in a consistent and predictable manner that is comprehensible through careful, systematic study |
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An explanation of of how or why things happened that have been observed
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| A well tested and widely accepted view that the scientific community agrees best explains certain observable facts |
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| Theories that are broad in scope, extensively documented and virtually universally accepted |
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| gaseous layer above the earths crust |
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| A dynamic mass of liquid that is continually on the move, evaporating from the oceans to the atmosphere, precipitating back to the land, and running back to the ocean again |
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| sphere that includes all life on earth |
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| extends from the surface to the center of the planet |
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| the thickest of the earths spheres |
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| Aims to study the Earth as a system composed of numerous interacting parts, or subsystems. |
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| Any size group of interacting pats that form a complex whole |
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| A system that no matter enters or leaves |
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| a system that both energy and matter flow in and out |
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| works to maintain the system as it is |
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| negative feedback mechanism |
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| mechanisms that enhance or drive change |
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| represents the unending circulation of earths water among the hydrosphere, biosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere |
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| A common boundary where different parts of a system come in contact and interact |
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| The process of rocks changing from lava to igneous to sedimentary to metamorphic back to lava |
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| Rocks formed by cooling magma or lava |
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| Rocks formed through great pressures and intense heat |
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| Rock and biological material lithified through pressure |
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| Proposes that the bodies of our solar system evolved from an enormous rotating cloud |
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| enormous rotating cloud that formed the solar system |
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| Earths relative thin rocky skin |
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| 82% of the earth, a solid rocky shell that extends to depths of 2600 kilometers |
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| layer of upper mantle, weaker part of mantle |
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| upper, stronger portion of the mantle |
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| because of pressure the mantle ______ at depth |
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| Center of the earth iron and nickel rich |
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| expansive flat regions that are composed of deformed crystalline rock |
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| portion of sea floor adjacent to major landmasses |
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| a gently sloping platform along most coasts |
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| relatively steep drop off that extends from the outer edge of the continental shelf to the floor of the deep ocean |
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| theory that states the earths rigid outer shell (lithosphere) is broken into numerous slabs |
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| Theory of plate techtonics |
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| slabs in the in the lithosphere |
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| any naturally occurring inorganic solid that posesses and orderly crystalline structure and a well-defined chemical composition |
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| substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substances |
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| mineral with two or more elements |
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| smallest particle of matter that maintains essential characteristics of an element |
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