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Geography final
final terms flash card
85
Geography
Undergraduate 1
05/02/2011

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Term
European Union
Definition
The Grouping of European countries to further economic, and political growth
Term
Cultural homogenization
Definition
combination of different cultural practices into one blended, uniform cultural practices that do not allow easy identification of characteristics of many cultures
Term
North Atlantic Drift
Definition
The Warm Ocean currents in Europe
Term
Mediterranean climate
Definition
mild allows for growing of many crops
Term
Humanism
Definition
approach in study, philosophy, or practice taht focuses on human values and concerns
Term
Nation-state
Definition
the nation-state determines an official language, system of law, manages a currency system, uses a bureaucracy to order elements, foster loyalties
Term
Nationalism
Definition
devotion to one's own nation, doing everything for the good of your nation
Term
welfare state
Definition
concept of government in which the state plays a key role in the protection and promotion of the economic and social well being of its citizens
Term
Holocaust
Definition
mass genocides of the Jews, by the Nazi Germans during WW II
Term
Cold War
Definition
standoff between US and the Soviet Union, to see which would be more powerful, helped other countries promote their types of governments
Term
secularization
Definition
to seperate from religious or spiritual connection or influences
Term
Protestant reformation
Definition
European Christian reform movement that established protestantism as a constituent branch of contemporary christianity
Term
Feudalism
Definition
a set of legal and military customs in medieval Europe that flourished between the ninth and fifteenth centuries, was a system for ordering society around relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labor
Term
Schengen Accord
Definition
treaty signed on June 14, 1985, between five of the ten members of the European Union, made it very easy to travel through Europe
Term
Supranationalism
Definition
transcending established national boundaries or spheres of interest
Term
common agricultural program
Definition
combines a direct subsidy payment for crops and cultivated land with price support mechanisms, including minimum price, import tariffs and quotas on certain goods from outside the EU
Term
Gaeltacht
Definition
The Irish Language
Term
Ethnic Cleansing
Definition
goal to remove every ethnic group but one, trying to make the area completely uniform
Term
Balkanization
Definition
Geopolitical term used to describe the process of fragmentation or division of a region or state into smaller regions or states that are often hostile or non cooperative with each other
Term
Devolution
Definition
The statutory granting of powers from the central governments of a sovereign state to governments at a subnational level
Term
Hacienda
Definition
large rural estates, were granted to colonists as a reward for conquering territory and people for Spain
Term
Favela
Definition
slums of Brazil, unplanned, would often appear overnight, very poor quality of living
Term
Tierra templada
Definition
termperate land lies between 3,00 and 6,500 feet
Term
Tierra fria
Definition
cool land, lies between 6,500 and 12,000 feet
Term
Tierra fria
Definition
cool land, lies between 6,500 and 12,000 feet
Term
Tierra caliente
Definition
hot land, extends up from the lowlands to about 3,000 feet
Term
tierra helada
Definition
frozen land, lies above 12,000 feet
Term
Mestizo
Definition
people of mixed European, African, and indigenous descent
Term
Liberation theology
Definition
radical catholic movement which wanted redistribution of the wealth
Term
Maquiladoras
Definition
manufacturing companies
Term
Neocolonialism
Definition
argues taht existing or past international economic arrangemnts created by former colonial pwers were or are used to maintain control of their former colonies and dependencies after the colonial independence movements
Term
land reform
Definition
broke up some of the large landholdings and distributed them among poor landless farmers
Term
Zapatista
Definition
revolutionary leftist group based in Chiapas, group has been in a declared war with Mexican State since 1994
Term
Machismo
Definition
what males measure themselves by, considers manliness to consist of honor, respectablility, fatherhood, household leadership, attractiveness to women, and ability to be a charming storyteller
Term
Monroe doctrine
Definition
1823, US wrote the Monroe Doctrine to tell Europe taht US would allow no further colinization in Americas
Term
Machismo
Definition
what males measure themselves by, considers manleness to consist of honor, respectability, fatherhood, household leadership, attractiveness to women, and ability to be a charming storyteller
Term
Marianismo
Definition
what women hold themselves by, try to be like Virgin Mary
Term
NAFTA
Definition
Nort American Free Trade Agreement, reduced barriers to trade, created an expanded market for goods and services produced in North America, established clear and mutually advantageous trade rules
Term
Forward capital
Definition
a symbolic relocation of a capital city to a geographically or demographically advantagous position either strategically, or economically
Term
Altiplano
Definition
Means high plain
Term
Colonias
Definition
another word for Favelas
Term
Early extractive phasae
Definition
phase of economic growth, in which it was dominated by Europeans
Term
Colombian exchange
Definition
the drug trade coming out of Colombia
Term
Llanos
Definition
vast tropical grassland plain situated to the east of the Andes
Term
Pampas
Definition
fertile South American Lowlands
Term
Frontier mentality
Definition
America's thoughts to explore new frontiers, and bring law to them
Term
Deindustrialization
Definition
moving away from an industrialized economy, America went from an industrialized economy to a service economy
Term
Hispanic
Definition
Being of Spanish herritige
Term
Quebecois
Definition
a native or inhabitant of the province of Quebec
Term
Clear cutting
Definition
straight to the point
Term
Acid Rain
Definition
Rain which is acidic, due to the pollution in the atmosphere
Term
Economic core
Definition
what your economic system is dependent on
Term
infrastructure
Definition
the makeups of your economy or political system
Term
trail of tears
Definition
the forceful relocation of thousands of Indians, causing countless deaths
Term
Genetically modified organisms
Definition
when they genetically alter the DNA to effect them in whatever ways they want
Term
Digital Divide
Definition
refers to the gap between individuals, households, business and geographic areas at different socio-economic levels with regard both to their opportunities to acces information and communications technologies and to their use of the internet for a wide variety of activities
Term
Sububanization
Definition
term to describe the growth of areas on the fringes of major cities
Term
Social safety net
Definition
non-contributory transfer programs seeking to prevent the poor or those vulnerable to shocks and poverty from falling below a certain poverty line
Term
Gentrification
Definition
terms reffering to the displacement that results when wealthier people acquire property in low income and working class communities
Term
Bolsheviks
Definition
group that gained control of Russia during the post-revolution civil war, overthrowing the capitalist society and creating Communist society
Term
Bourgeoisie
Definition
describes a range of groups across history
Term
Capitalists
Definition
an economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and operated for profit
Term
Command Economy
Definition
an economy where supply and price are regulated by teh government rather than market forces
Term
communism
Definition
a system of social orgainization in which all economic and social activity is controlled by a totalitarian state dominated by a single and self perpetuating political party
Term
Czar
Definition
an Emporer or king, former Emporers of Russia
Term
Glasnost
Definition
public policy within the Soviet Union of openly and frankly discussing economic and political realities
Term
Imperial overstretch
Definition
a hypothesis which suggests that an empire can extend itself beyond its ability to maintain or expand its military and economic commitments
Term
shatterbelts
Definition
buffer zones between the Soviet Sphere of Influence and the US sphere of influence
Term
Sphere of influence
Definition
area effected by either the Soviet Union, or the US during the Cold War
Term
Oligarchs
Definition
a form of power structure in which power effectivly rests with a small number of peopl
Term
Perestroika
Definition
political movement within the Communist part of the Soviet Union during 1980's
Term
Permafrost
Definition
soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years
Term
Privatization
Definition
is the incidence or process of transferring ownership of a business, enterprise, agency of public service from the public sector to the prive sector
Term
Proletariat
Definition
a term used to identify a lower social class, usually the working class
Term
Marketization
Definition
the process that enables the state owned enterprises to act like market-oriented firms
Term
Russian Federation
Definition
state in Norther Eurasia, what the Soviet Union became
Term
Serfs
Definition
a person in a condition of servitude, required to render services to a lord, commonly attached to the lord's land and transferred with it from one owner to another
Term
Slavs
Definition
group of farmers including the Rus, that emerged from what is now Poland, Ukraine, and Belarus and moved east founding many settlements including Kiev and Moscow
Term
Socialism
Definition
economy where everyone is held as equal, and theoretically gets equal pay
Term
Soviet Union
Definition
dominant empire, fought US during the cold war, was comunist
Term
Taiga
Definition
also known as boreal forest, characterized by coniferous forests
Term
Tundra
Definition
Biome where tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons
Term
Underemployment
Definition
high skilled workers who do menial labor
Term
Urban gardens
Definition
garndens in the Urban region to grow food
Term
BRIC
Definition
a grouping of Brazil, Russia, India and China to refer to how they are all in the similar state of economic development
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