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| Traders; traded in arid regions. Usually in caravans. From Asia to the Middle East. Used camels as means for transportation. |
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| Long halters used to tie many camels together. Carried as many as 5,000 camels. Traders used caravans. |
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| Loops that hang down on both sides of a saddle. Hold rider's feet to make it easier for them to use their legs to caontrol the horse. Improved horseback riding. |
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| A compass that always pointed north, so sailors coul navigate in any weather. Improved sea transport. |
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| A person who travels to a land for religious reasons. |
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| The record of past human events. |
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| The science of finding and studying physical remains such as, fossils, ruins, and artifacts. |
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| Sources written by people who participated in or observed the events they describe. Inbn Batuta was a primary source. Preferred sources. |
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| Written after an event, usually with the aid of primary sources. A story retelling Ibn Battuta's would be a secondary source. |
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| Territories. Were organized into these after defeat. Governors were appointed to watch over the provinces and make sure that laws are enforced. |
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| People who spoke a different language other than Latin. Described to be having reddish hair, gret bodies, and powerful in attack. Germanic tribes not pleased by Roman rule. Lived along central and eastern borders of Rome. Sometimes fought for Rome, though. Were granted land and a yearly salary in return for fighting. |
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