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| A relative size or extent- a relative measure (one scale is only meaningful relative to another). |
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| home, community, region, global...etc. how are they connected? |
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| a scale for appoaching/evaluating/understanding social/environmental issues. |
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| Processes that take place on a larger scale than the local, national, or regional level and that involve connections among people and places across the planet. |
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| Environmental Racism/Classism |
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| The disproportionate impact of environmental hazards on people of color/class |
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| Structural Racism (institutional/systematic racism) |
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| a system of social structures that produces cumulative, durable, race-based inequalities |
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| Achieving equality and a fair sharing of environmental burdens and benefits. |
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| "Nature"/The Social Construction of "Nature" |
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The phenomena of the physical world collectively, including plants, animals, the landscape, and other features apart from humans (dictionaryy)
A product made from human choices, beliefs and actions shaped by relations of culture and power social histories, political-economic structures/relations. |
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| Product of human choices, beliefs, and actions |
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Anderson, "Culture and nature at the Adelaide Zoo: at the fronteirs of 'human' geography"
ways of thinking about the world that came to dominate in a particular period.
ex: border fence between Mexico and US as opposed to no fence between US and Canada. |
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| Ward vs. Race Horse (1896) |
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Spence, "First Wilderness: America's Wonderland and Indian Removal from Yellowstone National Park"
Nullified the Fort Bridger Treaty in Wyoming (Indians can hunt in unoccupied American lands as long as they move into reservations) Wyoming became a state so they can override federal rules. |
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| Human-Non Human Relationships |
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Anderson- Zoo- animals are behind bars/in cages for display to humans: humans are dominant, they have the responsibility to restore animal populations; animals should be portrayed more in their environment rather than just in cages
"Food-Inc": Animals are products to be consumed/a form of revenue: must mass produce them to feed America.
Tsing- relations between teh Meratus people and the landscape; formation of swiddens that create a self-sustainable environment for both nature and humans
Coutin- people in the space of non-existence are separate from others: demanded and denied in the US because they are needed for the economy, but they are unwanted in society |
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| PEople who live in the Meratus mountains, where the landscape falls into conceptual gaps between categories that developers, conservationists, governments...etc use to understand them |
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Cleared portions of the forest used for planting. Land is controlled by customs
Tsing- A History of Weediness" |
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Tsing-"A History of Weediness"
An unfilled space or interval
Gaps are zones of erasure and incomprehensibility
Gaps are conceptual spaces and real places. |
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| "Human-Modified Rainforest" |
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Tsing- History of Weediness
relationship between humans and fruit tress- second growth |
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| how humans modify the rainforest by eating fruit and spitting seeds onto the ground for new growth (swiddens) |
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| Social-Natural Landscapes |
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| "Nature" alone is often an insufficient category, it hides more than it reveals. |
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What stands to be gained/lost and by whom?
Waht is at stake in the way "nature" is defined |
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| legal/official line separating 2 political/geographic areas |
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| Social Processes of Borders |
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| Boundary making processes produce insides and outsides (inclusion/exclusion) |
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| National Border/National Territroy |
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Socially produced, politically institutionalized
Don't naturally exist: product of history, can be redefined (ex: westward expansion)
Must be enforced to exist
A portion of spaceover which a nation claims exclusive control made through political, economic, racialized struggles to create a nation community
Chinese Exclusion Act 1882
Immigration Act 1924 |
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Benedict Anderson- understanding a relation between yourself and other people.
developed idea of what/how the community should be. A sense of unity with other Americans you may not know or even like. |
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Anzaldua- Home of people who don't fit
For those whose experience is divided and injured by being split between these 2 categories/worlds
Related to gaps (Tsing) |
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Anzaldua- Borderlands, La Fronter
US Americans of Mexican descent |
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Anzaldua- Borderlans, La Frontera
Chicanos/as who claim Aztlan as their homeland. |
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Anzaldua- Borderlands, La Frontera
Lands of Northern Mexico that were annexed by the US as a result of US-Meixco War 1898- lost all their land during the war- share croppers pay someone else to use their land. |
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Anzaldua- Borderlands, La Frontera
Mixed Indian-Spanish race. |
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Anzaldua- Borderlands, La Frontera
the racial/cultural mixing of American indians and spaniards |
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| someone who pays to use another's land |
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Coutin- Illegality, Borderlands, and the space of non-existence
migrants who are here but not really
space within the US, but "officially outside teh social body"
Individuals enter this space when they come to the US undocumented/without authorization or remain in the US after their authorization has expired |
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Boehm- For My Children: Constructing Family and Navigating the State in the US-Mexico Transnation
a way of talking about processes that cross national borders. back and forth movements. breaks down the notion that nations are bounded entities. |
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Boehn- For my children...
space that crosses more than 1 national border. Children that live in both countries constantly crossing back and forth. |
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| "Transnational Generation" |
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Boehm- For my children...
a whole population of children and youth who grew up going back and forth across the US-Mexico border |
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Boehm- For my children...
someone who brings people without documentation (government issued) across the US-Mexico Border |
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Boehm- For my children...
Temporary migrant labor program established between Meixc and US from 1942-19664; nore than 4 million Mexican farm laborers came to work the fields. Contracts in english keep workers from understanding their rights. workers not allowed to leave US until contracts are up-must leave family. |
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Boehm- For my children...
assembly/production plants for goods imported from/exported back to the US. Physically demanding work, many accidents, short job tenure, younger workers, no rights. |
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Life and Debt
places which are not bound by the country's or foregin law. no taxes paid, no labor laws, no surveillance, a gap betwen countries because corporations can have factories there and never have to be recognized by taxes or laws. |
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| The voluntary/forcible movement of people from their homeland to a new region. Implies a type of longing for the homeland that for some reason or another cannot be accessed. |
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| a network of labor/production processes whose end result is a finished commodity. Some are local or national, but many are globalized (connect people on a global scale) Hierarchy of power and profit. |
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| the study of how the world's resources are distributed geographically and what can be done to make that distribution more fair. |
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Guthman- Fast food/Organic food: reflexive tastes and the making of yuppie chow
linked counter-cultural movement of the 60's with the noveau style of SF
started new california cuisine. emphasized garderns, farmers' markets, fresh food...etc. opened the chez panisse restaurant in Berkeley |
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| Mesclun/Yuppie Greens/Spring Mix |
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Guthman- fast food/organic food
borrowed from the French. organic greens originally sold in bags (industrialized) |
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Boellstorff- Coming of Age Second Life
Diconjunction between virtual reality and reality where the computer needs to load the virtual world. |
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Boellstorff- coming of age second life
literally "away from keyboard" when a player leaves their computer without logging off and avatar remains. |
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massively multiplayer online games-roleplaying game where people interact in virtual worlds (i.e. second life)
Multiplayer dimensions/multiuser dungeron
MUD object oriented- entirely text based (ie. LambdaMOO) |
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Steinkuehler and Williams- Where everybody knows your (screen) name
spaces for informal social interaction and relationships outside of "home" and "work"
ex: pubs, coffee shops...etc |
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| Joel Salatin/Polyface Farm |
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Food, Inc.
Defininf efficiency as working with land and animals for long term sustainability. against industrialized/mass produced food. |
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