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Geography 120 Final
Book Terms and Definitions along with Current Events
44
Geography
Undergraduate 1
12/09/2011

Additional Geography Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Alluvial Fan
Definition
fan shaped deposit of sediments dropped by a river or stream flowing out of a mountain range. Ex. areas of Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan.
Term
Steppe
Definition
Semi-arid grasslands. Grasses are usually shorter and less dense than in prairies.
Ex: North of Central Asia
Term
Transhumance
Definition
A form of pastoralism; animals are taken up to high altitudes in the summer and returned to low altitudes in winter.
Ex: Kyrgyz in Kyrgyzstan
Term
Confucianism
Definition
A Chinese religion that is more of a code of conduct.
-Encourages filial piety: respecting ancestors
-Oldest are therefore expected to take care of parents
when old. Explains male preference in Chinese
culture.
Ex: Due to Chinese children limits, many female babies are aborted
Term
Geomancy- aka Feng Shui
Definition
Nature's balance in all aspects of life.
Ex 1: Yin and Yang
Ex 2: buildings in Hong Kong have large windows that face the river (aka water gods) who send good vibes.
Term
Loess
Definition
Soils blown in by the wind, commonly found on the Loess Plateau in Central Asia.
Ex: The Yellow River runs through the Loess Plateau, picking up lose sediment and causing the river to become less useful.
Term
Pollution Exporting
Definition
The process of exporting industrial pollution to other countries. It can be done directly- shipping away pollution to another country to dispose of it- or indirectly- by building polluting factories in other countries.
Ex: Japan builds many factories in SE China.
Term
Rust Belt
Definition
In China, the rust belt is considered Manchuria. Produces majority of coal and iron and easily exports it due to proximity to coast.
Term
Shinto
Definition
Main religion of Japan, closely tied with Japanese nationalism. Bring honor to your family by honorably serving your country.
Term
Special Administrative Region
Definition
As Chinese relations with the outer world opened in the 1980s, Britain decided to honor its treaty provisions and return Hong Kong to China. China in turn promised that Hong Kong would become a special administrative region, retaining its fully capitalist economic system for at least 50 years. Because of this, civil liberties not enjoyed in China itself remain protected in Hong Kong.
Term
Special Economic Zones
Definition
Relatively small districts in China that have fully opened to global capitalism.
Ex: Hong Kong
Term
Spheres of Influence
Definition
Area where colonial power has no formal political power but does have informal influence and immense economic clout.
Ex: Britain's power in China
Term
Caste System
Definition
A Hindu belief that you are reincarnated into your present life (family, job, home) due to how you lived your past life. No incentive or motivation to try to move up the social ladder because caste cannot be changed until next life. Now illegal in India but still practiced in Bangladesh
Term
Dravidian Language
Definition
Languages of Southern India.
Ex: The Tamil people of India speak Dravidian.
Term
Green Revolution
Definition
New agricultural techniques using genetically modified seeds coupled with large amounts of chemicals and pesticides.
Ex: In India, varieties of rice with a high percent yield were created to keep up with the growing population.
Term
Hindu Nationalism
Definition
The promotion of Hindu values as the basis of Indian society.
Ex: Hindu mobs have destroyed mosques supposedly built on Hindu temple land.
Term
Indian Diaspora
Definition
The migration of Indians to foreign countries.
Ex: Large numbers of Indian temp workers are living in the Persian Gulf.
Term
Jainism
Definition
An off-shoot of Hinduism that believes all life forms can come back as humans. Vegetarians due to belief that killing any living thing is a sin.
Ex: Won't step on an ant (ridiculous)
Term
Monsoon
Definition
The seasonal patterns in change of wind, heat, and moisture that is a product of larger meteorological forces of land and water heating.
Ex: South East Asia
Term
Orographic Rainfall
Definition
Caused by the uplifting and cooling of moist monsoon winds over the western ghants and the Himalayan foothills.
Term
Kashmir
Definition
A region between Pakistan and India that both countries have claims on. Some Kashmirians wish to join India, some Pakistan, and some wish to be independent. Keeps relations between India and Pakistan hostile.
Term
Sikhism
Definition
Combination of Islam and Hinduism noted for its military traditions. Devout men don't cut their hair or beards but wear them in a turban.
Term
Animism
Definition
A wide variety of tribal religions based on the worship of nature's spirits and human ancestors.
Ex: Native Americans
Term
Association of Southeast Asia (ASEAN)
Definition
A Supernational geopolitical group linking together 10 different states in Southeast Asia.
Term
Bumiputra
Definition
The name given to native Malay (literally "sons of the soil"), who are given preference for schools and jobs by the Malaysian government.
Term
Crony Capitalism
Definition
A system in which close friends of a political leader are either legally or illegally given business advantages in return for their political support.
Ex: Ferdinand Marcos in the Philippines
Term
Domino Theory
Definition
That if one country (Vietnam) fell to Communism, then many others (the rest of Southeast Asia) would follow. Post Cold War ideology.
Ex: US involvement in Vietnam
Term
Entrepot
Definition
A port where merchandise can be imported and then exported without paying import duties.
Ex: Bahrain
Term
Lingua Franca
Definition
A common language that is used among a people of a certain region. A third language used so that a large number of people can understand one another.
Ex: the lingua franca of India is English
Term
Primate Cities
Definition
The leading city in its country or region, disproportionately larger than any other cities in the urban area.
Ex: Mexico City, New York, etc
Term
Ramayana
Definition
An ancient Sanskrit epic that forms an important part of the Hindu canon. One of two great epics of India and Nepal. Depicts the duties of relationships portraying ideal characters like the "ideal father", servant, brother, wife, king, etc.
Term
Transmigration
Definition
The planned government-sponsored relocation of people from one area to another within a state territory.
Ex: Indonesia
Term
Typhoon
Definition
A tropical storm in the region of India or Western Pacific Ocean
Ex: Philippines
Term
Aborigine
Definition
1. A person, animal, or plant that is been in a region from its earliest times.
2. An aboriginal person of Australia
Term
Archipelago
Definition
A group of many islands closely grouped together.
Ex: Tonga, Solomon Islands
Term
Maori
Definition
Native/aboriginal people of New Zealand.
Term
Melanesia
Definition
A Pacific Ocean region that includes the culturally complex, generally darker skinned people of New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, and Fiji.
Term
Micronesia
Definition
A Pacific Ocean region that includes the culturally diverse, generally small islands North of Melanesia. Includes Mariana Islands, Marshall Islands, Guam, and Federated States of Micronesia.
Term
Native Title Bill
Definition
1. Compensates Aborigines for lands already given up
2. Gave Aborigines the right to claim unclaimed lands they still occupied.
3. Provided legal standing to deal with mining companies in native-settled areas.
Ex: Aborigines have gained increase control over national parklands such as Ayers Rock.
Term
Polynesia
Definition
A Pacific Ocean region, broadly unified by language and culture traditions, that includes the Hawaiian islands, Marquesas Islands, Society Islands, Tuamotu Archipelago, Cook Islands, American Samoa, Samoa,, Tonga, and Kiribati.
Term
Tsunami
Definition
Big tidal waved induced by earthquakes.
Ex: Indonesia and Japan
Term
White Australia Policy
Definition
Before 1973, a set of stringent Australian limitations on non-white immigration to the country. It has been largely replaced by a more flexible policy today.
Term
Current Events: Australia
Definition
US announced that it will now be stationing troops in the North.
Term
Current Events: Philippines
Definition
US military movement
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