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Geography 106
An Introduction to systems
25
Geography
Undergraduate 1
02/10/2013

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Term

How do we describe earth?

 

Definition
Earth is a system that consist of linked components
Term

What are Components?

 

Definition
Objects that are distinct from other objects
Term

Distinctions between components are _____________?

 

Definition

Subjective

ex: is there a defined break between nose and face?

Term

Can comonents contain other components?

 

Definition

Yes.

ex: earth is a component of the solar system yet it constains individual components with in it

Term

What is a state?

 

Definition

A components attribute

ex: how will we mesure the component

Term
What does a system consist of?
Definition

2 components which are linked

occurs because one affects the other component

 

 

Term

what is a pertubation?

 

Definition

This disturbs the state of a component.

ex: A crooked nose after being broken 

Term
What does a systems diagram use to show linkage?
Definition
couplings
Term
when do couplings occur?
Definition

When changing one state affects the state of another component

ex: change in temp affects the temp of my nose

Term
Positive coupling
Definition
increse in one component increases the other component or a decrease of one decreases the other
Term
negative coupling
Definition
an increase in one component decreases the other
Term
What example did professor larsen use in class for couplings?
Definition
car and proximity
Term
When does a feedback system occur?
Definition
This occurs when the components of a system are linked in a circular manner
Term

What does an arrow represent?

an open circle?

Definition

Arrow shows positive coupling

circle shows negative coupling

Term
Negative feedback systems
Definition
two or more components are coupled in a liip and there is an odd number of negative couplings
Term
Positive feedback system
Definition
if two or more componets are coupled in a loop, and they are either all positive or an even umber of positive and negative couplings
Term
Equillibrium state of attribute
Definition
states that ten to be maintianed over time
Term

Stable Equlibrium States

SES

Definition

this is a state that is maintained even after pertubation

Ex: ball in a valley if it is pushed up hill it will everntually return back to its SES

Term

Unstable Equilibrium States

UES

Definition

this is a state lost after pertubation

Ex: ball on a peak if it is hit it will not return back to the peak... it will have gone from SES on the peak to SES in the valley... in reality it is UES

Term
How do you Graph these relationships?
Definition

showing relations between states of two components

independent varialbe (cause) on X axis

Dependent (effect) on Y axis 

Term
Positive slope
Definition
as the independent increases the dependent increases as well
Term
Negative slope
Definition
as the independent increases the dependent decreases
Term
Parabolic
Definition

Strong positive to weak positive

equilibrium

weak negative 

strong negative 

 

 

Term
What example did Professor Larsen use to describe parabolic relationships?
Definition
Plant growth and the amount of water in the soil.. the pertubation: adding or decreasing water supply affects the height to much water it dies to little it dies it is perfect at equilibrium or the peak of the parabolic graph
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