Term
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Definition
| A formal region is a region with a high degree of homogeneity in terms of particularly distinguishing features. i.e. Europe or “the South” |
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Term
| What are core characteristics? |
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Definition
*Industrialized, dominant country,
* Good infrastructure (roads, etc.)
*Big service sector
*High incomes
*Low birth rates and high life expectancy |
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Term
| What are the core countries? |
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Definition
*Europe: original core. 1st to industrialize. Center is in London.
*United States: Center is in New York City
*Japan: Center is in Tokyo |
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Term
| What are the semi-periphery characteristics? |
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Definition
*Developing or newly developing countries
*Cheap manufacturing
*Limited Infrastructure
*Medium range income
*Sinking fertility rates, Medium life expectancy
*Predominately urban living
*Growing civil society and middle class |
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Term
| What are some semi-periphery countries? |
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Definition
| Russia, Mexico, and South Africa |
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Term
| What are periphery characteristics? |
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Definition
*Economy based on subsistence agriculture
*Bad infrastructure
*Very low incomes
*High fertility rates, short life expectancy
*Lower urban concentration |
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Term
| What is environmental determinism? |
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Definition
| Environmental determinism is the idea that the environment or nature determines culture. It is now rejected and disputed |
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Term
| Why is environmental determinism flawed? |
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Definition
it is clearly too simplistic. What about other factors?
*the theory assumes rather than proves. |
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Term
| What is cultural relativism? |
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Definition
| Cultural relativism is the concept that came around in the 1900s with the development of anthropology. It is the idea that every culture must be evaluated from the inside because it cannot be judged. |
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Term
| What is the landscape school? |
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Definition
| The landscape school was developed by famous geographer, Carl Sauer. The school accepted culture as impacting or shaping the world. The idea that culture affects nature more than nature affects culture. It is not interested in the inner working of culture just of its effects. |
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Term
| What is the weakness of the landscape school? |
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Definition
| it never explains where culture comes from or how culture is impacted. |
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Term
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Definition
Diaspora is when people live outside of their original “home” country.
*European diaspora is the largest. The greatest populations of these are in the United States. |
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Term
| What are the key characteristics of the EU’s population in terms of size and growth? |
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Definition
It has expanded from the six original countries: Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and West Germany to 27 countries.
It has a population of 457 countries with a GDP higher than the United States. |
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Term
| What enabled European colonialism? |
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Definition
| The technology developed during the European “Age of Discovery” such as ship building, navigational skills, and guns helped enable European Colonialism. Their global location also helped them beat the Chinese to the Americas. |
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Term
| How did colonialism help to industrialize Europe and sediment its power in the world? |
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Definition
| It created more wealth for Europe. They brought back gold and silver to achieve dominance. This allowed them to spend more money on military advancement. It furthered their industrialization because it provided: wealth, resources, and created new markets. |
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Term
| Why is the EU dependent on immigration in some form? |
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Definition
| The EU is depended on immigration because they have an increasingly old population and a slow growth rate. They need immigration to compensate for this. Migrant workers are a necessity. |
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Term
| What religions dominate what parts of Europe, including Russia? |
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Definition
Orthodox Christianity in Russia
Most of Europe is Catholic Christianity, but Northern Europe is Protestant Christianity. |
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Term
| What languages dominate what parts of Europe? |
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Definition
Romance: Western Europe (Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Romania)
Germanic: Northern Europe (Great Britain, Norway, Sweden, and Germany, Austria, Switzerland)
Slavic: Eastern Europe |
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Term
| What was so special about Berlin in the Cold War? |
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Definition
Germany was split into the East and the West. One side was a democracy and the other Communist ran. Berlin was also split. A wall was built to divide the two. When the wall fell down it was the fall of the Communist party as well as the end of the Cold war.
The East was Communist and the West was a democracy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Balkanization is a breaking of a country into smaller units in a more often than not, a violent way. |
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Term
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Definition
| Xenophobia is a fear of foreigners. An example was in Germany when some native Germans killed the migrant workers and their families. |
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Term
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Definition
| The European Union was made to unite European countries and try to prevent WWII from happening again. It started out with 6 countries. It created a common market without boundaries. There were no taxes or tariffs. No checks crossing borders. It had a single currency |
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Term
| What are the limits of the EU? |
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Definition
| It has no unified military. It is only an economic group. |
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Term
| Who were the original members of what later became the EU? |
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Definition
| The original members of the EU are Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and West Germany. |
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Term
| What is a command economy? |
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Definition
| Command economy is the socialist economy. All aspects of production and distribution are centrally controlled by government agencies. |
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Term
| What characterizes the main vegetation types of Russia? |
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Definition
WE DO NOT KNOW BUT WE DO KNOW THAT ....
The Steppes are the bread basket of Russia. |
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Term
| How was Russia impacted by WWII? |
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Definition
The Nazis said they would not attack, but they did. Stalin and Russia fought back.
25 million Russians were killed. They lost 14% of their population. 1700 towns were destroyed and 50% of industrial installments were lost.
After WWII Russia wanted a buffer to the West so they would not be attacked again. Everyone else saw them as a greedy threat. This created the tensions of the Cold War. |
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Term
| What is Chernobyl and what were the consequences? |
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Definition
| Chernobyl is a city in Russia where nuclear testing was done. Radiation got into soil, water, and the food chain. The city is still inhabitable. There are 3,000 sq. km. of dead trees and 25% of Belarus is considered inhabitable as well. |
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Term
| What do you know about Lake Baikal? |
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Definition
| Lake Baikal is the deepest lake. It contains 20% of the world’s fresh water. It has been polluted by nearby industry. There are 2,500 species that live there and 75% are exclusive to the lake. |
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Term
| What do you know about the Aral Sea? |
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Definition
| The Aral Sea is shrinking because of pollutants and the fact that rivers and streams that feed into it have been diverted for irrigation purposes. |
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Term
| Why did the Soviet Union implode? |
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Definition
1. couldn't meet consumer demands
2. Regional inequality
3. did not take advantage of new technology
4. corrupt government
5. environmental breakdown |
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Term
| What happened in Russia after the fall of the Soviet Union? |
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Definition
| After the fall of the Soviet Union, various countries gained independence. They were no longer a superpower. There were high levels of crime. Their economy shrank, but has now stabilized. |
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Term
| What characterizes Russia’s relations with its near abroad? |
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Definition
| They encourage their citizens to move into near abroad countries that they used to control so that they still have a say there. It has created tension. Russians invaded Georgia when Russians living there were treated poorly. |
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Term
| What relation does the Middle East have to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam? |
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Definition
| It is the holy land. Jews and Christians believe that their Christ was born there. It is where their whole religion develops. Islam believes that Jesus was a prophet. |
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Term
| Which of these is dominant, and which is oldest? |
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Definition
Judaism Christianity Islam
Islam is dominant. |
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Term
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Definition
The Sunna is the life of Mohammad (the “Sira”) and the recorded sayings (the “hadith”).
It acts as moral example for Islam people. |
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Term
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Definition
| It is one of the 5 pillars of the Islam faith. It is the one where you must make a trip to Mecca at least once in your life if you are able. |
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Term
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Definition
Cultural counterforce to globalization based on Islamic principles.
*globalization=Americanization/Westernization
*resist individualism, modernization, and secularization
*keep Islamic law at the center of state activity (Sharia law) |
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Term
| What is Islamism fueled by? |
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Definition
*identity crisis (rapid modernization)
*challenged pride
*poverty
*demography |
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Term
| What can you say about the Middle East’s demography? |
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Definition
| The middle east has a young population. Its largest baby boom is at the unattached age. This makes them more susceptible to question and to be likely targets for groups like Al Qaeda. |
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Term
| What is the difference between Sunni and Shiite? |
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Definition
| Shiites say that Muhammad’s son and family are the true successors. However, it is unknown if he even had a son. They make up only 10-15% and most are in Iraq and Iran. |
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Term
| Where in the Middle East do most guest workers work? |
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Definition
| Most guest workers in the Middle East work usually in oil rich countries. Most of them are in Saudi Arabia. |
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Term
| Where are the Berbers from? |
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Definition
| Berbers are from North Africa. They travel to mountainous areas in the summer and lowlands in the winter to avoid extreme temperatures. |
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Term
| What do the Palestinians call an “uprising”? |
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Definition
| The Palestinians call an uprising intifada. |
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