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Geog12 Final Exam Review
Geog12 Final Exam Review
94
Geography
12th Grade
06/14/2015

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Term
water
Definition
In BC what is the main source of electrical power generation
Term
renewable
Definition
Trees, water, geothermal, wind, soil, ground water, coniferous forests, sun, biomass are all renewable or non-renewable energy sources.
Term
non-renewable
Definition
Gas, coal, uranium, natural gas farmed fish, and petroleum are all renewable or non-renewable energy sources.
Term
sustainable
Definition
A type of development in which resource use not only meets the needs of the current population but that of future generations as well
Term
solar
Definition
Just 30 minutes of this energy source could supply the entire world with enough energy for one full year.
Term
solar
Definition
A disadvantage of this energy source is the it is not concentrated and harnessing and storing it in large amounts is difficult and very expensive.
Term
hydropower
Definition
A form of renewable energy which is inexpensive and accounts for about 60% of electrical production in Canada.
Term
hydropower
Definition
A form of renewable energy in which organic matter is trapped on the floor of a reservoir where vegetation rots in an environment void of light and oxygen resulting in the release of methane gas.
Term
biomass
Definition
A form of renewable energy derived from once-living, plant, or animal matter.
Term
biomass
Definition
A renewable energy source that can reduce the amount of garbage we have to deal with.
Term
natural gas
Definition
A nonrenewable energy source which is cleaner burning than other fossil fuels which emits mainly carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
Term
agriculture
Definition
The human activity that accounts for 75% of all freshwater used on Earth.
Term
glaciers
Definition
The world’s largest reservoir of freshwater.
Term
place
Definition
A geographic theme that describes the natural, physical and human characteristics that make an unique area,
Term
location
Definition
One of the 5 themes of geography that may be relative or absolute, giving you the approximate or exact position of a place.
Term
region
Definition
One of the five themes of geography that identifies a specific type of area allowing geographers to better understand how humans have adapted to living in varied conditions around the world.
Term
movement
Definition
One of the 5 themes of geography that involves the motion of people, animals, goods, wind, currents, tides, tectonic plates, landslides, lava, glaciers around the planet/
Term
regions
Definition
The Cariboo or the Kootenays are terms used to describe specific geographic:
Term
movement
Definition
A map showing airline routes for Central Mountain Air would show the geographic theme of:
Term
human/environmental interaction
Definition
One of the five themes of geography that describes how people alter their environment is:
Term
human/environmental interaction
Definition
Examples of this geographic theme include people building shelters, people building dikes to control the flood waters of a river, or when farmers grow crops using irrigations systems are all examples of this geographic theme.
Term
Cartography
Definition
The study and practice of making maps.
Term
hydrology
Definition
The scientific study of the movement, distribution, and quality of water on Earth.
Term
Meteorologists
Definition
is an individual who uses scientific principles to explain, understand, observe or forecast the earth's atmospheric phenomena and/or how the atmosphere affects the earth and life on the planet.
Term
Seismologist
Definition
A scientist who studies earthquakes and their phenomena.
Term
climatologist
Definition
A scientist who studies weather patterns and the processes that cause them.
Term
tree planting
Definition
The practice that best illustrates how the BC forest industry promotes the sustainability of its forests.
Term
retention ponds
Definition
In a municipal water supply and sewage treatment the area which contains the greatest concentration of contaminated water.
Term
clearcutting
Definition
The safest, most efficient, and economical method of large-scale tree harvesting in BC
Term
hydrosphere, atmosphere
Definition
The forecasting of weather requires an understanding of the interactions between which two spheres
Term
lithosphere, hydrosphere
Definition
The two spheres that are associated with tsunamis,
Term
troposphere
Definition
The water cycle occurs mainly in this sphere which is in the lowest layer of the atmosphere.
Term
carbon dioxide, methane
Definition
Name the two gases that are primarily responsible for climate change.
Term
albedo
Definition
The percentage of solar radiation that is reflected back into space.
Term
clean snow
Definition
The surface that has the greatest albedo.
Term
doldrums
Definition
Calm global winds located at the equator.
Term
westerlies
Definition
Prevailing winds that blow from the west toward the east in the middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees latitude.
Term
easterlies
Definition
The dry, cold prevailing winds originating in the east that blow from the high-pressure areas of the polar highs at the north and south poles towards low-pressure areas.
Term
trades
Definition
Steady winds found in the tropics which blow from subtropical highs to equatorial low pressure areas.
Term
stratosphere
Definition
The sphere which contains the greatest amount of atmospheric ozone.
Term
carbon dioxide
Definition
The increase in this gas is the major cause of Antarctica’s shrinking ice sheet.
Term
troposphere
Definition
The layer of the atmosphere in which clouds primarily found.
Term
increase
Definition
The reduction in the ozone will increase or decrease skin cancers and eye damage.
Term
sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxide
Definition
Changes in the pH balance of the soils and water are attributed to what two type of pollutants that are emitted from factories, planes and automobiles.
Term
carbon dioxide
Definition
The gas that is primarily responsible for climate change.
Term
troposphere
Definition
The layer of the atmosphere in which weather occurs.
Term
low
Definition
The type of air pressure at the top a mountain. (high or low)
Term
ocean level
Definition
Where would you experience the smallest temperature range in the northern hemisphere where the ocean lies beside a mountain range: choices: ocean level, windward side of the mountain, top of the mountain, leeward side of the mountain
Term
continentality
Definition
The climate control factor that is the biggest contributor for home heating costs in different places in Canada.
Term
cumulonimbus
Definition
Clouds associated with thunderstorms, lightening and tornadoes.
Term
westerlies
Definition
Name the prevailing winds that influences coastal BC.
Term
interior plains
Definition
An area in Canada with the lowest annual precipitation.
Term
Metamorphic
Definition
Rock that was changed by great heat and pressure from its original state.
Term
Sedimentary
Definition
Rock type that is slowly pressurized and layered.
Term
compression
Definition
Pressure forcing rock surfaces to be pushed together and is responsible for mountain formation.
Term
sedimentary
Definition
Shale and sandstone are both examples of this rock type.
Term
divergence
Definition
Plates that move apart.
Term
convergence
Definition
Plates that come together.
Term
sustainable
Definition
A type of development that uses resources to meet the needs of both the current and future generations.
Term
diverging
Definition
The Atlantic Ocean and African Rift Valley (Turkey, Dead Sea, Red Sea) are examples of area where the plates are:
Term
converging
Definition
The Himalayan Mountains, Rocky Mountains, and the Coast Range Mountains are examples of plates:
Term
divergence
Definition
The process that created the Great East African Rift.
Term
soil creep
Definition
The slow downhill movement of loose rock and soil, which causes fences, trees, etc. to lean down slope.
Term
syncline
Definition
A downfold in rock layers which have been folded by compression.
Term
anticline
Definition
An upfold in rock layers folded by compression.
Term
esker
Definition
A stratified ridge of glacial snake-like deposits left behind by glacial melt water.
Term
point bar
Definition
An inner bank along a meandering river also known as a slip-off slope where gravel, sand and silt deposits creating a gradual slope and shallow water close to the shoreline.
Term
undercut bank
Definition
In a meandering river where severe undercutting creates a steep slope on this side of the river.
Term
geothermal
Definition
Most prominent power source used in Iceland.
Term
arete
Definition
A sharp ridge in an alpine glacier.
Term
cirque
Definition
A hillside hollow created by glacial plucking and abrasion.
Term
youth
Definition
A river in this stage cuts a deep V-shaped valley, dominated by erosion.
Term
youth
Definition
Features commonly seen in these rivers include rapids, waterfalls and various sizes of boulders along the river bed.
Term
mature
Definition
A river at this stage of development will continue with vertical erosion but downstream lateral erosion of the banks is evident as meanders and a flood plain start to take shape.
Term
Old age
Definition
A river at this stage of development will have a widened flood plain, extensive meandering and oxbow lakes are created.
Term
dendritic
Definition
The most common drainage pattern that resembles the veins of a leaf.
Term
trellis
Definition
a drainage pattern that is established in areas where folding and titling of rock layers may confine rivers to parallel valleys that meet a larger streams at right angles.
Term
radial
Definition
A drainage pattern that occurs on a cone-shaped mountain such as a volcano.
Term
flood plain
Definition
Areas along a meandering river that is flooded when the river overflows its banks.
Term
meander
Definition
A lateral river curve in lowland regions.
Term
oxbow
Definition
A lake which formed when a river straightens by cutting through a meander.
Term
sinkholes
Definition
A depression or hole in the ground caused by some form of collapse of the surface layer.
Term
aquifer
Definition
A rock layer that can store a substantial amount of water.
Term
lateral moraine
Definition
Debris carried along and deposited at the side of a glacier as it melts.
Term
medial moraine
Definition
Strands of debris that appear as dark lines in the middle of the main valley glacier.
Term
recessional moraine
Definition
Debris that is deposited at the snout of the glacier from the action of the glacial receding.
Term
terminal moraine
Definition
Mounds of debris left at the farthest advance of a glacier.
Term
ground moraine
Definition
An irregular blanket of till deposited under a glacier.
Term
headland
Definition
Made up of harder rock than the rest of the shoreline these features jut out into the ocean as they are more resistant to the erosional action of waves.
Term
stack
Definition
Coastal feature that consist of a pillar of rock that formed when an arch collapsed.
Term
longshore drift
Definition
The zigzag movement of sand along the beach resulting from sand being driven up the beach by swash and then transported along the beach horizontally.
Term
spits, tombolos
Definition
Landforms that are the result of longshore drift.
Term
corrosion
Definition
the process in which some material are dissolved by sea water
Term
hydraulic action
Definition
The wearing away of the banks by the weight and force of the moving water.
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