Term
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Definition
molton magma minerals
intrusive (mix w individual grains; slow cooling)
or
extrusive (mix with grain particles; fast cooling) |
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Term
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Definition
| minerals weathers from igneous rocks and minerals at surface temp and P |
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Term
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Definition
| mixtures formed at secondary temp and P |
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Term
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Definition
| rocks get darker, more alkaline, and less resistant to weathering (esp. chemical) |
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Term
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Definition
replacement of central Si atom by Al (becomes aluminosilicate)
as mineral forms from molton magma |
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Term
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Definition
when 25% of the Si4+ becomes Al3+
albite -- Na+ fills -1 charge
anoonthite -- Ca2+ fills -2 charge
orthoclase -- K+ fills -1 charge |
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Term
CLASTIC
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS |
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Definition
mixed weathered transported materials
conglomerate (boulders)
sandstone (sand)
shale (clay) |
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Term
CHEMICAL
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS |
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Definition
new materials formed "in situ" (a sedimentary envr)
limestone
evaporites
iron stone
organic |
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Term
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Definition
freeze thew
thermal changes
wetting and drying
biological
salt weathering
pressure release |
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Term
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Definition
direct solution
hydration
oxidation-reduction
chelation
carbonation
hydrolysis |
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Term
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Definition
liquid to ice phase change inc P and volume
physical weathering |
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Term
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Definition
minerals expand and contract with temp changes
physical weathering |
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Term
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Definition
clays inc volume when wet
physical weathering |
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Term
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Definition
roots and worms
physical weathering |
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Term
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Definition
salt crystal formation and growth
physical weathering |
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Term
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Definition
igneous rocks at surface
physical weathering |
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Term
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Definition
dissolution of soluble salts
Na leaves
chemical weathering |
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Term
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Definition
water absorption/addition
chemical weathering |
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Term
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Definition
valency change
ex: Fe2+ to Fe3+
chemical weathering |
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Term
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Definition
organic matter decomposition
reaction of usually insoluble elements with complex organic compounds and then they are soluble
chemical weathering |
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Term
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Definition
H2CO3 rxn with carbonates
go from insoluble to soluble
chemical weathering |
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Term
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Definition
rxn of H+ ion with a cation in the mineral
ex: acid rain
chemical weathering |
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Term
| ROLE OF SOILS WITH E BUDGET OF SURFACE |
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Definition
1. receipt and radiation of solar SW and terrestrial LW
2. albedo
3. sensible heat transfer (air heat)
4. latent heat transfer (ET and water phase changes) |
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Term
| ROLE OF SOILS WITH HYDROLIC BUDGET OF SURFACE |
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Definition
1. infiltration of rain
2. soil retention of water...saturation, field capacity, wilting point (drainage of water to the ground water table)
3. soil texture |
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Term
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Definition
particle size (sand > silt > clay)
soil infiltration rate
permeability
available water capacity
soil structure
cation exchange capacity |
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