Term
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Definition
| state of the atmosphere at any given time |
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Term
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Definition
1. air temp.
2. air pressure
3. humidity
4. clouds
5. precipitation
6.wind
7.visibility |
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Definition
| degree of hotness or coldness |
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Definition
| force or weight exerted by column of air above given point |
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Definition
| a general term referring to water vapor in the atmosphere |
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Definition
| visible mass of tiny droplets or ice crystals in the atmosphere |
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Definition
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Definition
| horizontal flow of air in the atmosphere |
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Definition
| the greatest distance one can see |
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Definition
| "average weather" over a 30 year period |
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Term
| composition of the atmosphere |
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Definition
-nitrogen and oxygen make up 99%
-variable (trace) gases make up 1%. crucial to weather |
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Term
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Definition
1. water vapor (h20)
2. carbon dioxide (co2)
3. ozone (o3) |
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Term
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Definition
-nitrogen
-oxygen
-argon
-neon
-helium
-hydrogen
-xenon
never off a newt hundreds heavy xylophones |
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Term
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Definition
-water vapor
-carbon dioxide
-methane
-nirtrous oxide
-ozone
-paricles (dust, soot)
-cholorofluorocarbons (CFSs)
really long scary sounding words |
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Term
Layers of the Atmosphere based on Temp.
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Definition
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Term
| Layers of the Atmosphere based on chemical compostision |
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Definition
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Term
composition of the atmosphere:
important permanant gases |
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Definition
| nitrogen and oxygen make up 99% |
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Term
composition of the atmosphere:
major variable gases |
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Definition
1. water vapor
2. carbon dioxide
3. ozone |
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Term
| what is the vertical structure of the atmosphere based on |
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Definition
1. temperature
2. composition
3. function |
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Term
layers of the atmosphere
4 layers of temperature called: |
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Definition
1. troposphere-90% of weather occurs here
2. stratosphere
3. mesosphere
4. thermosphere |
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Term
layers of the atmosphere
composition layers |
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Definition
1. homosphere
2. heterosphere |
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Term
| what is the source of energy that effects weather |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-composition of gases is not uniform
- gases from top to bottom:
hydrogen atoms
helium
atomic oxygen
molecular nitrogen
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Term
| layers of atmosphere chart |
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Definition
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Term
layers of atmosphere
function
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-contains ozone
-destroys ultraviolet radiation |
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Term
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Definition
-electrified region in the atmosphere
-plays major role in radio communication
-contains ions and electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| atoms that have lost/gained one or more electrons |
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Term
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Definition
-consist of methane or ethane
-contribute to the greenhouse effect and destroy ozone in the stratosphere |
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Term
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Definition
| the power that drives the earths systems |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| the energy within a body that is the result of its motion |
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Definition
| the energy that a body posesses by virtue of its position |
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Term
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Definition
| energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| the vibration and movement of the atoms and molecules within substances. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
0K, -273 degrees C, or -460 degrees F
-there is no moecular motion at this temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| energy cannot be created or destroyed; it changes from one form to another |
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Term
| how does the sun radiate energy? |
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Definition
| -arranges emitted radiation from the shhortest wavelength to the shortest, forming an electromagnetic spectrum |
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Term
| waves are characterized by what two properties |
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Definition
| -wavelength and amplitude |
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Term
| electromagnetic spectrum radiations |
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Definition
-44% visible light
-37% near infrared
-12% longer than 1.5mm
-7% ultra violet |
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Term
| how is heat transfered within our atmosphere |
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Definition
1.conduction
2.convection
3. radiation |
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Term
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Definition
| transfer of heat from molecule to molecule w/out movement of molecules |
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Definition
| transfer of heat by fluid flow |
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Definition
| energy that moves through space or meduim in a form of a wave w/ electric and magnetic fields |
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Term
radiation from the sun vs earth
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Definition
| the sun not only radiates more energy than that of the earth, but also radiates the majority of energy at shorter wavelengths |
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Term
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Definition
| infared energy emiited by the earth & atmosphere |
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Term
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Definition
| ratiant energy emitted from the sun, in the visible and near ultraviolet wavelengths |
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Term
| gases that are selective absorbers of radiation |
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Definition
-water vapor
-carbon dioxide
-ozone and molecular oxygen
-methane
-nitrous oxide |
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Term
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Definition
the wavelength range between 8 and 11 micrometers,
in which little absortion of infrared radiation takes place |
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Term
| atmosphereic greenhouse effect |
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Definition
| the warming of an atmosphere by its absorbing and emmiting infrared radiation while allowing shortwave radiation to pass through |
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Term
| absorbtion of solar energy |
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Definition
converted into heat energy
about 51% is absorbed at earth's surface |
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Term
| scattering of solar energy |
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Definition
| small particles in the atmosphere deflect radiation from its path into different directions |
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Term
| reflection of solar energy |
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Definition
| reflected energy bounces back into space w/out being aborbed |
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Term
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Definition
amount of energy reflected back depends on reflectivity of the surface;
light coloredsurfaces reflect more energy than dark colored surfaces |
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Term
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Definition
predicts intensity output across varying wavelengths as a function of temperature.
It describes the "ideal" blackbody radiator.
Our Sun is an example of a "real" blackbody radiator |
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Term
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Definition
| wavelength distribution peaks at a value that is inversely proportional to the temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| june 21 in the N.H. when the sun is at its highest and directly overhead at lat. 23.5 N, the tropic of cancer |
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Term
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Definition
| dec 21 in the N.H. when the sun is lowest in the sky and directly overhead at lat 23.5 S, the tropic of capricorn |
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Term
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Definition
| the equinox which the sun approaches the N.H. and passes directly over the equator, occurs around march 20 |
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Term
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Definition
| the equinox at which the sun approaches the S.H. and passes directly over the equator, occurs around september 23 |
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Term
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Definition
| earth is closest to the sun on jan. 3 |
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Term
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Definition
| earth is furtherst from the sun on july 4 |
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Term
| five factors why earth has seasons |
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Definition
1. revolution
2. rotation
3. tilt of the earth's axis
4. axial parallelism
5. sphereicity |
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Term
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Definition
-earth orbits around the sun
-one complete revolution is one year or 365 1/4 days |
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Term
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Definition
-earth rotates on its axis as it revolves around the sun
-rotation is west to east
-one complete rotation=a day |
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Term
| titls of the earth's axis |
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Definition
-axis is tilted at 23.5 degrees
-causesduration of the day and night to vary seasonally everywhere except equator |
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Term
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Definition
-earth's axis maintains the same allignment
-axis always points to the north star, called polaris |
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Term
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Definition
| produces uneven receipt of insolation from pole to pole |
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