Term
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Definition
Rate of population growth measured as excess of births over
deaths per 1000 individuals per year without regard for effects of migration.(expressed as a
percentage per year) |
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Term
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Definition
A political system that subordinates individual freedom to the power of the
state or of elite regional and local leaders. |
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Term
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Definition
Economic system based on private ownership of means of production and
distribution of goods, driven by profit motive and characterized by a competitive marketplace |
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Term
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Definition
Ideology that calls on workers to unite to overthrow capitalism and establish an
egalitarian society in which workers share what they produce. (a state controlled economy) |
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Term
| Multinational corporations |
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Definition
business organization that operates extraction, production, and/or
distribution facilities in multiple countries |
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Term
| Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita |
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Definition
Total market value of all goods and services produced within a particular country in a given year, divided by the number of people in the
country. |
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Term
| Gross national income (GNI) per capita |
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Definition
Total production of goods and services in a country
in a given year divided by the mid-year population. |
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Term
| Purchasing power parity (PPP) |
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Definition
The amount that the local currency equivalent of U.S.$1 will
purchase in a given country’s economy. |
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Term
| UN Human Development Index (HDI) |
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Definition
evaluates a country’s well-being by calculating GNI
adjusted for PPP, life expectancy, and educational attainment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Scientific theory that Earth’s surface is composed of large plates that float on top of underlying layer of molten rock |
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Term
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Definition
Warm water flows east from west Pacific, bringing warm water and torrential rains,
instead of cold water and dry weather, to parts of west coast of South America |
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Term
| The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) |
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Definition
free trade bloc in 1994, consisting of
the United States, Mexico, and Canada |
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Term
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Definition
strategy for increasing power and wealth by acquiring colonies and managing all
aspects of production, transport, and trade for colonizer’s benefit. |
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Term
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Definition
a group of people living in a specific territory and sharing cultural traits should be
united in a single country to which they are loyal and obedient |
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Term
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Definition
| Long, fortified border zone separated western Europe from central Europe. |
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Term
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Definition
| Division of Europe created period of conflict, tension, and competition between U.S. and Soviet Union |
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Term
As people live longer and decide not to raise large families, what are the impacts on
society? |
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Definition
-Increased government spending on health care and pensions.
-Those in work may have to pay higher taxes.
-Shortage of workers.
-Increase in the dependency ratio.
-Inequality. |
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Term
Reflecting on the Middle and South America, pick some locations that impressed you
with regard to the ways in which people are dealing with either environmental issues or
with issues of income and wealth disparity or human well-being. |
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Definition
-South America: has history of under-development
-30% of population is poor and lacks access to land, food, shelter, water, sanitation, education.
-Chile: ratio of richest 10% to poorest 10% has decreased dramatically since 1998-2000.
-Chile becoming a leader in global economy and has received significant flows of FDI. |
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Term
Discuss the ways in which you see the historical circumstances of colonization
affecting modern approaches to economic problems in Mexico. |
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Definition
-colonists who had been born in Spain clashed with Spaniards who had been born in Mexico. Many Mexicans had become rich and wanted equal political power, which now resided with the colonists.
-The Mexican people, tired of the unbalanced distribution of wealth and power, initiated the Mexican Revolution
- Lázaro Cárdenas became president and reestablished the ancient ejido system, which established communally shared tracts of farmland. The system benefited both the citizens and the economy.
-the distribution of wealth remains imbalanced.
-foreign-owned factories and plants (maquiladoras) in some of Mexico’s rural areas has helped draw the population away from Mexico City and redistribute some of the country’s wealth.
-The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) of 1994 increased Mexico’s financial ties to the United States and Canada, but the Mexican economy remains fragile. |
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Term
Describe the evidences that Europe is seeking ways of life that contribute less to
Global warming: |
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Definition
-The European Union (EU) is a world leader in responding to climate change.
-EU governments agreed to cut greenhouse gas emission by 20 percent by 2020.
-One European resident average only one-half the energy consumption of the average North American resident.
-In response to rising fuel costs and CO emissions, EU has developed long-term plans to reduce emphasis on cars and trucks.
-In Germany, more than 60% of the country’s electricity demand can be used by solar and wind power on a sunny summer day.
-Alternative energy sources. |
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