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| difficulty focusing distant objects (nearsightedness) |
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| the process in which sensory receptors respond less to unchanging stimuli |
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| part of the electromagnetic spectrum to which the eye responds |
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| visual receptors for dim light. Black and white sensations |
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| visual receptors for colors and daylight visual acuity |
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| based on 3 color "systems"- red or green, blue or yellow, black or white. Exciting one color in a pair blocks the exciting in the other member of the pair. Afterimage (flashbulb after pic is taken) |
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| states we have 3 cone types- red, green, blue; other colors are a combination of these. Black and white is produced by rods. Criticism: four colors of light seem to be primary (red, green, blue, yellow) |
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Definition
| increased retinal sensitivity to light |
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| a sensory impression; also, the process of detecting physical energies with the sensory organs. |
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| the mental process of organizing sensations into meaningful patterns |
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| sweet, salt, bitter, sour |
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Definition
pinna-external part of ear
tympanic membrane- eardrum
auditory ossicles- 3 small bones that vibrate. Link eardrum w/ cochlea |
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Definition
| giving priority to a particular incoming sensory message. |
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| the inability to see an object directly in front of us if our attention is narrowly focused |
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| a misleading or distorted perception. We consistently misjudge what we see |
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| reality of an event can be skewed in people's minds because of: wording of question, weapons focus, stress, etc. |
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Definition
| mental awareness of sensations, perceptions, memories, and feelings |
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Term
| Altered state of Consciousness |
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Definition
| a condition of awareness distinctly different in quality or pattern from waking consciousness (highway hypnotism, high fever, etc.) |
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Definition
| affects concentration, memory, causes trembling hands, droopy eyelids, irritability, staring, etc. |
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Definition
1. light sleep
2. sleep spindles
3. delta waves
4. deep sleep |
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Definition
| sleep marked by rapid eye movements and a return to stage 1 EEG patterns |
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Definition
| difficulty in getting to sleep or staying asleep. |
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| sudden, irresistible daytime sleep attacks that may last anywhere from a few minutes to a half hour. Victims may fall asleep while standing, talking, or even driving. |
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Definition
| during sleep, breathing stops for 20 seconds or more until the person wakes a little, gulps in air, and settles back to sleep; this cycle may be repeated hundreds of times per night. |
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| Psychodynamic Dream theory |
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Definition
| dreams are based on wish fulfillment |
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| Activation-synthesis hypothesis |
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Definition
| An attempt to explain how dream content is affected by motor commands in the brain that occur during sleep, but are not carried out. |
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Term
| how do you remember your dream? |
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Definition
| write it down as soon as you wake up. |
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| an altered state of consciousness characterized by narrowed attention and increased suggestibility |
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| generally people who are imaginative and prone to fantasy, or anyone who wants to be hypnotized |
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| any major reduction in the amount or variety of sensory stimulation |
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| the pattern of internal bodily changes that occurs at times of relaxation |
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| A substance capable of altering attention, memory, judgement, time sense, self-control, mood, or perception |
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| how psychoactive drugs work |
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Definition
| they influence the activity of brain cells by imitating or altering neurotransmitters |
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| most common psychoactive drugs |
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Definition
uppers- amphetamines, cocaine, mdma, caffeine, nicotine
downers- sedatives, tranquilizers, alcohol |
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| any relatively permanent change in behavior that can be attributed to experience |
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| a form of learning in which reflex responses are associated with new stimuli |
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| learning based on the consequences of responding |
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| a stimulus that does not evoke a response |
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| a learned response elicited by a conditioned stimulus |
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| the weakening of a conditioned response through removal of reinforcement. |
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| the reappearance of a learned response after its apparent extinction |
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| learning achieved by watching and imitating the actions of another or noting the consequences of those actions |
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| any event that increases the probability that a particular response will occur |
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| an innate biological rhythm that can never be entirely ignored |
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| physical height of a wave that tells how much energy it contains/ visually- causes colors to appear brighter and more intense. auditory- loudness |
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| 3 parts: external ear, middle ear, inner ear. |
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| converting one type of energy to another.( guitars convert string vibrations to sound waves) |
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| sound waves converted to nerve impulses |
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| olfaction and gestation are what kind of senses |
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Definition
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| auditory system that is set in motion by sound waves |
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Definition
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| learning that takes place through an association of stimuli |
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| how often do people dream |
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Definition
| 4-5 times a night about every 90 minutes. |
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Term
| drowsiness right before you sleep is caused by larger, slower waves called... |
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Definition
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| voluntarily giving priority to a particular incoming sensory message |
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Definition
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| rods of the retina do best when? |
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Definition
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| associating pain with a dentist office is what kind of response |
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Definition
| conditioned emotional response |
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| an "after-image" is explained by ... |
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Definition
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Term
| electromagnetic range we can see |
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Definition
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| latent and manifest dream material |
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Definition
| part of Freud's theory- manifest is the obvious dream material; latent is the content that's hidden |
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