Term
1) Causitive Sentences
(who makes someone do something, and who lets someone do something)
|
|
Definition
る-verbs: 食べる － 食べさせる
う-verbs: 行く － 行かせる
irr-verbs: くる － こさせる
する － させる
(director)は (cast)に (action)
先生は 学生に 会話を覚えさせました。
The professor made the students memorize the dialogue.
|
|
|
Term
2) verb stem + なさい
(is a command; has a strong implication that you are talking down to someone; parents use toward their children or teachers toward their students; you may see in exam instructions) |
|
Definition
うちに毎日電話しなさい。
Call home every day.
かっこの中に単語を入れなさい。
Fill in the blanks with a word.
もんくを言うのをやめなさい。
Stop complaining. |
|
|
Term
3) ~ば
"Clause A ば clause B" is a conditional statement "if A, then B" |
|
Definition
食べる － 食べれば
行く － 行けば
する － すれば
くる － くれば
negative: 行かない － 行かなければ
車があれば、色々なところに行けます。
If you have a car, you can go to various places.
大客さんに言わなければ、わかりませんよ。
If you do not tell the landloard, he weill never find that out. |
|
|
Term
4) ～のに
のに connects two facts, A and B, which hold in spite of the expectation that if A is the case, B is not to be the case. "A のに B" therefore means "A, but contrary to expectation, B, too" or "B, despite the fact A". |
|
Definition
この会社はお金があるのに、きゅりょうは安いです。
This company is rich, but its workers' salaries are low.
家にいるのに、電話に出ない。
She is home but does not answer the phone.
田中さんは親切なのに、山田さんは田中さんがきらいです。
Ms. Tanaka is nice, but Ms. Yamada does not like her. |
|
|
Term
5) ～のような／～のように
"Noun A のような noun B" means "a B like/similar to A". "Noun A のように" is when you want to describe an action which is "done in the same way as A".
|
|
Definition
私はかまくらのような町が好きです。
I like towns like Kamakura.
メアリーさんのように魚のように上手におよげます。
Mary can swim very well, just like a fish. |
|
|
