Functions of the urinary system include

a. regulating blood volume

b. conserving nutrients by preventing their excretion in the urine

c. regulating blood pressure

d. regulating plasma concentrations of ions by controlling the amount lost in the urine

e. all of the above

The urinary system includes all but which of the following?

a. adrenal glands

b. kidneys

c. ureters

d. urinary bladders

e. urethra

The glomerular capsule and the glomerulus make up the 

a. renal pyramid

b. juxtaglomerular apparatus

c. loope of Henle

d. renal capsule

e. renal papilla

Kidneys are often difficult to see without dissection because they are surronded by the layer of fat. What is the significance of this fat?

a. it expands for storage of additional urine once the bladder is full; it acts as a sponge

b. There is no special significance; this fat store energy as do other fat deposits in the abdominal cavity

c. it provides cushioning or padding for protection from sudden jolts or other injuries

d. This fat cools the kidneys during active filtration

e. A and D are correct

The kidneys are located

a. medial to the aorta

b. anterior to the colon and pancreas

c. at the level between T10 and T11

d. retroperitoneally

e. nowhere near any of the above structures

The large passageway into which the major calyces empty is the 

a. minor calyx

b. renal calyx

c. renal cortex

d. renal pelvis

e. renal medulla

A glomerulus

a. occurs in the loop of Henle

b. filters urine just prior to its exit from the kidney

c. is a portion of the proximal convuluted tubule

d. is a capillary knot contained within the renal corpuscle

e. is or does none of the above

The blood vessels at the boundary of the cortex and medulla of the kidney are the

a. interlobular artery and vein

b. arcuate artery and vein

c. segemental artery and vein

d. interlobular artery and vein

e. glomerular artery and vein

Blood enters the nephron via the

a. segmental artery

b. renal artery

c. afferent arteriole

d. efferent arteriole

e. lobar artery

A nephron has two parts:

a. glomerulus and collecting duct

b. proximal convoluted tubule and sital convoluted tubule

c. collecting duct and convoluted tubules

d. renal corpuscles and renal tubules

e. renal tubule and collecting duct

The first part of the renal tubule is the

a. glomerular capsule

b. loop of henle

c. proximal convoluted tubule

d. distal convoluted tubule

e. glomerulus

Which of the following drains into the minory calyx?

a. collecting duct

b. papillary duct

c. renal corpuscle

d. proximal convoluted tubule

e. distal convoluted tubule

The parietal and visceral epithelia or Bowman's capsule are seperated by the

a. vascular pole

b. capsular space

c. renal column

d. lobar space

e. none of the above

The glomerulus is made up of many

a. sinusoids

b. venules

c. fenestrated capillaries

d. arterioles

e. a and c

The ureters...

a. take exactly the same path to the bladder in men and women

b. float freely within the abdominal cavity

c. have specialized subdivisions called the urethrae

d. are retroperitoneal

e. have none of the attributes above

The gaps between the pedicles of the podocytes are called the

a. mesangia

b. square ligament

c. filtration slits

d. urachus

e. none of the above

The parts of the urethra in the male, in correct order from the bladder to the exterior are: 

1. Urachus

2. Penile Urethra

3. dysuria 

4. membranous urethra

5. prostatic urethra

The structure directly opposite the vascular pole of the glomerulus is the

a. glomerulus

b. proximal convoluted tubule

c. tubular pole

d. ureters

e. C and D

The muscle responsible for compressing the urinary bladder and expelling its content is

a. pyramidalis

b. detrusor

c. external urethral sphinctal

d. internal urethral sphincter

e. none of the above

Urine reaches the urinary bladder by

a. differential pressure exerted on the ureters by the movements of digestive organs

b. peristalsis

c. suction from the empty bladder

d. the force of gravity

e. none of the above

The loop of henle is composed of

a. thick segment

b. descending limb

c. ascending limb

d. thin segment

e. all of the above

The mechanism whereby benign enlargement of the prostate affects the urinary function in older men includes which of the following?

a. it may compress the prostatic urethra

b. it may compress the membranous urethra

c. it may comprass the body of the bladder

d. it may compress the opening of the ureters in to the bladder

e. none of the avoe are mechanisms affecting urinary function

Damage, disease, irritation of the renal cortex would impair the function of which kidney structures? 

a. the renal pyramids

b. the renal columns

c. the major calyces

d. the nephron units

e. the renal papillae

Straight tubules originate at the seminiferous and form a maze of passageways called the

a. rete testis

b. efferent ducts

c. ductus deferens

d. epididymis

e. afferent ducts

In the follicular phase of the uterine cycle, the ovary is

a. developing a mature follicle

b. undergoing atresis

c. forming the corpus luteum

d. secreting progesterone

e. doing all of the above

Major function of the accessory organs of the male reproductive system include all of the following except

a. providing nutrients that spermatozoa need for motility b. activating spematozoa

c. production of spematozoa

d. propelling spematozoa and fluids along the repoductive tract

e. none of the above

The seminiferous tubules

a. average 200 inches in length

b. are the site of production of spermatozoa

c. are the sites of production of androgens for the testis

d. occur in the testicular lobules

e. have the attributes of C and D

The process whereby sperm cells are spermatozoa are produced is

a. diploid division

b. mitosis

c. spermatogenesis

d. spermiogenesis

e. none of the above

Gametes are called haploid because

a. they are either sperm or ova

b. there are half as many of them produced at each division in comparison with diploid cells

c. they contain one-half the normal number of chromosomes

d. they are produced by the process of mitosis

e. all of the above

The process whereby ovum production occurs is

a. triggered by completely different hormones than those of the male that intiate spermatogenesis

b. oogenesis

c. continuous throughout the life of the individual

d. atresia

e. none of the above

Compartments within the testes are

a. seminiferous tubules

b. straight tubules

c. lobes

d. lobules

e. none of the above

Semen contains all of the following except...

a. seminal fluid

b. fructose

c. prostatic fluid

d. sperm

e. spermatogenic cell

The lining of the uterus is the

a. serosa

b. endometrium

c. myometrium

d. perimetrium

e. none of the above

Stem cells in the testes are the 

a. spermatozoa

b. spermatids

c. primary spermatocytes

d. haploids

e. spermatogonia

The vagina is lined by...

a. transitional epithelium

b. simple ciliated columnar epithelium

c. stratified squamous epithelium

d. simple cuboidal epithelium

e. none of the above

Spermatogenesis ends with the production of _________ spermatids

a. 2

b. 4

c. 6

d. 8

e. 16

In the correct order, the steps involved in oogenesis are... (put in correct order)

1. formation of tertiary follicle

2. ovulation

3. formation and degeneration of the corpus luteum

4. formation of primary follicles

5. formation of secondary follicles

During the ovarian cycle

a. primary oocytes are suspended in the metaphase state until matural occurs

b. usually only one mature graafian follicle forms

c. each of the primary oocytes develops into two secondary oocytes

d. all secondary follicles from tertiary follicles

e. A and C take place

The _____________ of the epididymis receives spermatozoa via the efferent ducts of mediastinum of the testis

a. body

b. head

c. tail

d. neck

e. none of the above

When the vas deferens fuses with the base of the seminal vesicle, it forms the

a. ejaculatory duct

b. deferential duct

c. prostatic urethra

d. seminiferous tubules

e. none of the above

Which Oz character most likely does not have a Uritogenital/Kidney problem?

A. The ScareCrow

B. The Wicked Witch of the West

C. The Lion

D. Toto

E. The Wizard of Oz

D. Toto

house trained and fearless.....