Term
| State the three principles of cell theory. |
|
Definition
1) organisms are composed of one or more cells
2) cells come from pre-existing cells
3) cells are the smallest unit of life |
|
|
Term
| list five characteristics of living things |
|
Definition
1) Living things are highly organized
2) All living things have an ability to acquire materials and energy
3) All living things respond to their environment (stimuli)
4) All living things have an ability to reproduce
5) All living things have an ability to adapt |
|
|
Term
| Identify two purines and two pyrimidines |
|
Definition
Purine:
Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidine:
Cytosine and Thymine |
|
|
Term
| where does replication transcription and translation occur in the eukaryotic cell? |
|
Definition
a) DNA replication occurs in the nucleus
b) Transcription occurs in the nucleus
c) Translation occurs in the cytoplasm |
|
|
Term
| identify five differences in DNA and RNA |
|
Definition
DNA VS RNA
DNA: Double Stranded
RNA: Usually Single Stranded
DNA: Has thymine as a base
RNA: Has uracil as a base
DNA: Has Deoxyribose as a sugar
RNA: Has ribose as a sugar
DNA: Forms a helix
RNA: Doesn't form a helix
DNA: is genetic material
RNA: directs and carries out protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
| What are the four levels of protein structure |
|
Definition
Primary - polypeptide chain
Secondary - loops coils and sheets
Tertiary - 3d forms shabeped by bonds between R groups
Quaternary - combined polypeptides |
|
|
Term
| What are the "stop" amino acids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the "start" amino acids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the sub units of a nucleotide |
|
Definition
| a phosphate group a sugar and a nitrogen base |
|
|
Term
| what are alternate versions of genes called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a combination of alleles that an individual possesses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many chromosome pairs do most humans have? |
|
Definition
| 23 (22 are autosomes and 1 pair consist of the sex chromosomes) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chart of chromosomes organized by size. |
|
|
Term
| what are the two kinds of cells? |
|
Definition
prokaryotes - simple cells (no nucleus)
eukaryotes - complex cells (contain organelles) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
G1 = growth
G0 = time out
S = cell replication
G2 = More growth
Mitosis |
|
|
Term
| what is the central dogma? |
|
Definition
| first DNA, then RNA, then Protein |
|
|
Term
| what are the complimentary base pairings in dna? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the genetic code |
|
Definition
| The genetic code is triplet, nonoverlapping, continuous, universal, and degenerate. |
|
|
