Term
| What is the definition of a gene? |
|
Definition
| a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain; it can include regions preceding and following the coding DNA as well as introns between the exons; it is considered a unit of heredity |
|
|
Term
| Four classes of biological molecules |
|
Definition
| Lipids, Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic Acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fatty acids, phospholipids, steroid hormones, cholesterol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| components of membranes, can diffuse through membranes |
|
|
Term
| steroid hormone function? |
|
Definition
| bind to receptors to make cell specific functions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Simple sugars, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| structural/storage materials such as starch, cellulose, peptidoglycan, glycogen, chitin |
|
|
Term
| Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes |
|
Definition
| membrane bound organelles & no membrane bound organelles DNA enclosed in nucleus & DNA loosely packed by histone-liked proteins attached to inside of cell membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| phospholipid/protein bi-layer |
|
|
Term
| What is cytoplasm and what does cytoplasm contain? |
|
Definition
colloid of protein and water,
Contains the other organelles and membrane systems such as endoplasmic reticulum and the ribosomes, site of protein synthesis. |
|
|
Term
| How do Ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi work together to create and distribute proteins? |
|
Definition
| After synthesis on ribosomes, proteins acquire sugar tags in ER and are sorted and shunted after being prepared in Golgi. |
|
|
Term
| Mitochondria characteristics? |
|
Definition
resemble Gram negative bacteria (2 membranes) in many ways, are self replicating and have own DNA, Site of aerobic respiration, ATP synthesis
, DNA is circular like bacterial; bacterial-type ribosomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carry out photosynthesis; have own DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| centrioles are structures that occur in pairs and are made of microtubules, Microtubules are made of protein, Centrioles help assemble the spindle to which chromosomes attach in mitosis |
|
|
Term
| structure and function of cytoskeleton? |
|
Definition
| is made of microtubules and microfilaments, Provides cell shape, structure and locomotion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| No organelles, little or no cytoskeleton, cell wall, and no nucleus |
|
|
Term
| Scientist that first described nucleus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Scientist that discovered nucleic acid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| threadlike structures in nucleus consists of proteins and DNA |
|
|
Term
| Why did Levene think that proteins were hereditary material? |
|
Definition
| Proteins were made of 20 different kinds of amino acids and DNA was only made of 4 nucleic acids |
|
|
Term
| Describe the experiment Griffith used to show inheritance? |
|
Definition
| Used streptococcus(smooth and rough) Smooth caused death in mice, heat treated smooth did not, but smooth heat treated and rough together did, conclusion the smooth gave DNA to rough |
|
|
Term
| Describe Avery, McLeod, and McCarty's experiment? |
|
Definition
| They used protease, RNAse, and DNAse on bacteria, no mutation when DNAse was used hence DNA is genetic |
|
|
Term
| Describe Hershey-Chase experiment? |
|
Definition
| used phage because it is 50/50 protein/DNA, isolated protein and DNA and used radioactivity to show infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| radioactive sulfer labeled protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| radioactive phosphorus labeled DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| built double helix model with sugar phosphate chains |
|
|
Term
| DNA asorbs light best at? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thymine & cytosine, adenine & guanine |
|
|
Term
| DNA chains are held together by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many hydrogen bonds do A-T have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many hydrogen bonds do G-C have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
10 bp per turn
3.4 nm per turn
Right-handed helix
Central axis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is semi-conservative? |
|
Definition
| each time DNA replicates the new double stranded DNA has one new and one old strand |
|
|
Term
| decsribe meselen and stahl experiment? |
|
Definition
| grew DNA in two different nitrogen and came out with semiconservative DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how long does it take E. Coli to replicate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how fast do eukaryotes replicate? |
|
Definition
| 10-100 base pairs per second |
|
|
Term
| how fast do bacteria replicate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| who discovered DNA pol I? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cleaves out Okazaki fragments and is the most abundant of the 3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| main DNA replicating enzyme |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A chemical reaction in which molecules are combined to make a products |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a natural biological process in which a DNA molecule is copied in a cell |
|
|
Term
| what does DNA polymerase need? |
|
Definition
| template of DNA, primer, and substrate |
|
|
Term
| what is a template of DNA? |
|
Definition
Enzymes copy a single strand of DNA
Can’t work without something to copy from |
|
|
