Term
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Definition
| phage mediated gene transfer in bacteria (doesn't require cell to cell contact - requires a virus that attacks bacteria (phage) |
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Term
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Definition
part phage part bacterial DNA
- during packaging phage accidentally picks up the bacterial DNA. so when the phage infects the cell the bacterial DNA is injected instead of phage DNA ( the chromosomal DNA can integrate by homologous recombination, resulting in gene transfer) |
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Term
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Definition
| the phage DNA integrates into the bacterial chromosome ( at a specific site). It picks up some chromosomal DNA during excision and leaves a bit of phage DNA in the bacterial chromosome. when the phage infects the new cell chromosomal DNA can integrate into the new bacterial chromosome DNA can integrate into the new bactieral chromosome |
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Term
| size of bacterial DNA fragment transfer |
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Definition
| epends on phage's chromosome - fP1 is about 1.5 min of the bacterial chromosome and no more than that can be transferred at a time. |
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Term
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Definition
| when two genes transduce together - the closer they are the higher the frequency of cotransduction |
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Term
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Definition
a. frequency - tells you how far apart. the less freq the more far
b. so you raise the phage on 3 types of bacteria and let the progeny infect the lacking cells then plate it on a MM+glucose_ whatever you are selecting for.
c. selected = the gene that needs to survive
d. unselected = the genes that are not needed to survive
e. marker = gene that you are interested in
f. map distance = 1-freq |
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Term
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Definition
| -pieces of DNA capable of inserting themselves into the host genome (removing and moving or copying to another location |
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Term
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Definition
| looked at variegation (colorless kernal with purple spots) and studied the c locus and saw that there was a c mutation = occured after kernal formation but before maturity. Spots are multiple cells that arize from a single cell with mutation |
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Term
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Definition
| looked at variegation (colorless kernal with purple spots) and studied the c locus and saw that there was a c mutation = occured after kernal formation but before maturity. Spots are multiple cells that arize from a single cell with mutation |
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Term
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Definition
| C mutations are due to transposons - they are controlled by factors called control elements ( Ac(activator) Ds (dissociator) ---- Ds inserts then C turns to c (no ac) buttt when there is Ac then Ds excises itself causing c to go back to C |
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Term
| Bacterial Transposons (types) |
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Definition
a. insertion sequence - contains transposase
b. transposons (TNs) - contains transposase resolvase and antibiotic resistance |
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Term
| Mechanism for bacterial trans. |
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Definition
| . staggered cut is made in target DNA 2. Tranposon is inserted 3. Gaps are present and must be filled in 4. Result is a duplication of the target site sequenc |
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Term
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Definition
a. conservative - the transposon dna actually moves from site to another site
b. replicative - the transposon DNA is copied and inserted into the new site |
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Term
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Definition
| a. LINES - long interspersed nuclear elements ( long, about 6 kb, reverse transcriptase, gag-coat protien for RNA virus , intergrase, promoter for RNAP2, replicative transposition - RNA is translated incytoplasam and then RNA and protiens are moved to nucleus, DNA copy is made and inserted into the chromosome) b. SINES - short interspersed nuclear elements (short 100-400 bp, carry RNAP3 promoter, do NOT encode protein, use LINE protiens to integrate into chromosome) c. LTR - long terminal repeat |
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Term
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Definition
| (Ac/Dc system) majority of human genome is made up of 3 types of transposons. (tertotransposons are copied into an RNA intermediate which is then reverse transcribed into a dsDNA molecule and then reinsert at another location) |
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Term
| Retroviruses vs. retrotransposons |
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Definition
| both have terminal repeats, both carry gag and pol genes, only retroviruses carry env protien. so which came first? |
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