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| A gene is a functional unit on DNA. A gene codes for a protein. Most of the DNA in a genome does not code for protein. These non-coding sequences are thought to provide a sense of stability and integrity to the genome. If a DNA sequence is capable of coding for a functional protein, then it is a gene |
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| A chromosome is a strand of DNA in a nucleus that carries the genetic information in mammals. Humans have two sets of chromosomes and two sex chromosomes. |
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| A gene is a section of DNA that ultimately makes a protein, an allele is a type of gene, much like how a blond is a type of hair color, its just a slightly different version of the same gene. |
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| The genetic makeup of an organism,as opposed to its physical characteristics |
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| A phenotype, noun, is any observable characteristic or trait of an organism: such as its morphology, development, biochemical or physiological properties, behavior, and products of behavior (such as a bird's nest). |
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| A mature sexual reproductive cell, as a sperm or egg, that unites with another cell to form a new organism. |
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| The Punnett square is a diagram that is used to predict the outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment. It is used by biologists to determine the probability of an offspring having a particular genotype. |
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| Mendel's Law of segregation states that allele pairs separate or segregate during gamete formation, and randomly unite at fertilization. |
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| Crossing over can occur when homologous chromosomes come together in late prophase I of meiosis(called synapsis) and form a tetrad(4 chromosomes). Sometimes they come together so strongly that the chromosomes become entangled or twisted. As they pull apart sections can break apart, rearrange and then reattach(crossing over). A new pattern in the DNA is created. This creates new variations in inheritance. Sections of DNA can even be lost. |
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| Independent assortment is the random assortment of chromosomes during the production of gametes, the results are genetically unique individual gametes. |
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| When two cells that are identical to the parent cell are produced it is referred to as mitosis. With mitosis, cells are allowed to divide for growth and repairs that are needed in the organism. |
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| when a sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell to make a fetus (baby) |
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| The zygote is the single cell that is formed when the sperm cell fertilizes the egg cell. The zygote divides multiple times, producing identical copies of itself. The cells produced by the division of the zygote form the developing embryo, fetus, and baby. The zygote is the first step in the formation of a new person. |
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| Pertaining to that allele of a gene pair that masks the effect of the other when both are present in the same cell or organism of or pertaining to the hereditary trait determined by such an allele |
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| Relating to or denoting heritable characteristics controlled by genes that are expressed in offspring only when inherited from both sides. |
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| Alleles are either both recessive or both dominant. |
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| 1 dominant allele, one recessive alleles. |
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| The patterns governing how genetic information is transmitted from generation to generation are collectively known as the principles of inheritance. |
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| A gene on the X chromosome passed through a family, resulting in a specific trait or disease to be seen more commonly in males than females. |
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| The type of inheritance in which both heterozygotes and dominant homozygotes have the same phenotype |
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| a condition in which both alleles of a gene pair are fully expressed, with neither being dominant or recessive to the other. |
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| Dominance in genetics is a non-linear relationship between different forms (alleles) of a gene and the resultant phenotype. |
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