Term
| What happens during interphase? |
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Definition
| Preparation for mitotic phase |
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Term
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Definition
| Synthesis of enzymes required during S phase |
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Term
| What happens during S phase? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens during G2 phase? |
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Definition
| Anything that hasn't doubled, doubles here. Lasts til mitosis |
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Term
| What happens during the mitotic phase? |
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Definition
| Splitting of the nucleus and cytoplasm. Daughter cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Each of the two daughter strands of a duplicated chromosome joined at the cnetromere during mitosis. One half of a replicated chromosome. Intermediate stage. |
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Term
| How many are in a chromosome? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the relationship between a chromatid and a DNA molecule? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many chromatids are in a chrom at G1 |
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Definition
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Term
| How many chromatids are in a chrom right after S? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| joins two chromatids together |
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Term
| What is a kinetchore and what does it do? |
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Definition
| A specialized protein structure at the centromere. Spindle fibers attach to it. |
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Term
| What happens during prophase? |
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Definition
| Breaks into vesicles. Chroms coil. Microtubules begin to assemble. Nuclear envelope disappears |
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Term
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Definition
| Chroms completely condense. Spindal fibers attach. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chroms line up on equater. Equidistant from the pole. 2 DNA molecules. |
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Term
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Definition
| Begins when centromeres divide. Chromosomes are pulled apart by spindal fibers. 1 DNA molecule and 1 chromatid |
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Term
| Telophase and cytokinesis |
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Definition
| begins when chromatids reach the poles. nuclear envelope starts to form. Chromosomes start to unwind. microtubules begin to breakdown. |
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Term
| how many chromatids in each phase? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 2n. 2 sets of chromosomes. most cells in the body are b/c gametes (haploids) come together |
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Term
| how does one homologous pair of chromosomes differ from all other pairs? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| set of instructions that code for a particular characteristic |
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Term
| what is a locus? what is its relationship to a gene? |
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Definition
| Phsical location on a chromosome. At this locus you find the blood-type gene |
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Term
| What are the two main functions of meiosis? |
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Definition
| To go from diploid to haploid, and to maintain genetic diversity |
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Term
| What are the two mechanisms used to promote genetic diversity? |
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Definition
| crossing over and independent assortment |
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Term
| where does independent assortment occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| An organism has 2n=16, how many gametes can be produced? |
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Definition
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Term
| Crossing over occurs during what phsae? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the phenotype/genotype of F2 generation monohybid? |
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Definition
phenotype: 3:1
genotype: 1:2:1 |
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Term
| What is a dihybrid cross? |
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Definition
| two individuals that differ in the alleles at two different loci |
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Term
| how many different gameetes can an F1 individual, heterozygous produce? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what was consistent in F1? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the geneotypic ratio for F2 of dihybrid? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the law of segregation state? When does it occur, what does it describe? |
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Definition
| Each gene pair separates during gamete formation, so each gamete receives only one copy of the gene. Anaphase I, separating homologous pairs. |
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Term
| What does the law of independent assortment state? |
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Definition
| Which allele of a gene pair goes into a paticular gamete is independent of metaphse I. This is why we do the pT, Pt, PT etc. cuz we don't know where they'll go. This occurs in metaphase I |
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Term
| What is incomplete dominance? |
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Definition
| Neither allele can be expressed in the heterozygote, so we can't talk in terms of dominant or recessive. This is where the white and red carnations produce pink ones. |
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Term
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Definition
If alleles are on the same chromosome, independent assortment is no longer relevant.
Even though its dihybrid, it acts just like a monohybrid because they're linked together, so punnett square has only four not sixteen. |
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Term
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Definition
| both alleles fully expressed in zygote. |
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Term
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Definition
| More than two alleles for a given locus. Only two can be inherited. ABO blood system. |
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Term
| Sex-linked traits. What is hemizygous? |
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Definition
| males only get one dose of x chromosome gene |
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Term
| What building blocks go into DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| How do purines and pyimidines differ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Write on card about all the people |
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Definition
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Term
| What is DNA synthesis and where does it occur? |
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Definition
| Going from 1 DNA molecule to 2 DNA molecules. During S Phase. Going from chromosomes made of one chromatid to chromosomes made of 2. |
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Term
| What is the semiconservative model? |
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Definition
| one half of the strand is new. |
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Term
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Definition
| the synthesis of RNA using DNA as a template on which to make it. Copy the information for making a protein. Opposite code of DNA except with a U |
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Term
| Where does transcription occur? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| Synthesis of protein using genetic information encoded in RNA. Need RNA, ribosomes and amino acids. Proteins made by ribosoms using the RNA info. |
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Term
| Where does translation occur? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| the kind of RNA that encodes amino acid sequences |
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Term
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Definition
| Converts codons to one letter, amino acid words. Serves as an interpreter |
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Term
| How is mRNA, tRNA, anticodons and codons related? |
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Definition
| tRNA has anticodons which recognize the mRNA codons and lift them to where they need to go. |
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Term
| How are ribosomes and tNA related? |
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Definition
| ribosome brings tRNA in and creates a chain of amino acids until it reaches a stop codon. This is wehre protein is released. |
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Term
| What 4 ways does RNA differ from DNA? |
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Definition
| RNA polymerase, one strand AGUC, transcription |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is actually transcribed? |
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Definition
| the DNA nucleotides, bases... |
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Term
| What is polypeptide synthesis? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How is genetic code read? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| the genetic instructions for the amino acide sequence of a polypeptide chain. Written in DNA and RNA as a series of three-base words |
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Term
| What else do ribosomes do? |
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Definition
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Term
| mRNA is AAA, what amino acid? |
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Definition
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Term
| tRNA is AAA, what amino acid? |
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Definition
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