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Genetics
genetics, variants, traits, flower parts
72
Biology
10th Grade
03/27/2012

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Term

Stigma

 

 

Definition
From which pollen is deposited
Term
Alleles
Definition
gene located in the same position on homologous chromosomes
Term
Punnet Square
Definition
A diagram used to help predict the results of crosses between organisms
Term
pleiotropic
Definition
both alleles of gene encode a protein
Term
Codomination
Definition
interactions of both variants of products
Term
multiple alleles
Definition
phenotype dependent, two alleles are present, depends on patterns
Term
Incomplete dominance
Definition
phrnotype may appear as one product but alleles continue to seperate independently
Term
Principle of independent assortment
Definition
Mendel's second law. during gamete formation alleles in one gene pair segregate into gametes
Term
recessive gene
Definition
heritable characteristic controlled by genes
Term
Dominant variant
Definition
Most common
Term
Cross pollination
Definition
fertilization by transfer of pollen from the anthers of one flower to the stigma of another
Term
probability
Definition
an extent to which something is probable
Term
Phenotype
Definition
observable characteristics of an organism
Term
Style
Definition
Slender part of the pistil
Term
Anther
Definition
The part of a stamen that contains the pollen
Term
Sepals
Definition
typically green and leaflike
Term
Stamen
Definition
Male fertilization organ of a flower
Term
Principle of segregation
Definition
Mendel's first law. Each pair of factors of heredity seperate
Term
pistil
Definition
Female organs of a flower; comprising of the stigma, style, and ovary
Term
Filament
Definition
A stalk that contains the anther
Term
Homozygous
Definition

Homo= same

Having identical alleles

Term
Genotype
Definition
combination of genes or alleles
Term
hetezygous
Definition

Heter=different

Not having the same alleles

Term
geneticists
Definition
study of inheritance, variation, and molecular basis of traits
Term
melanocytes
Definition
special cells that make melanin
Term
pattern of inheritance
Definition
a way in which a gene is transmitted
Term
Melanin
Definition
a group of pigments that color skin or hair
Term
Autosome
Definition
chromosome in a cell other than the sex chromosomes (X or Y)
Term
Hemophiliac
Definition
A person who suffers from blood-clotting
Term
polygenic
Definition
several genes
Term
complete dominace
Definition
two different alleles, one phenotype will appear
Term
self-fertilization
Definition
fertilization by the union male and female gametes from the same individual
Term
monohybrid
Definition
One trait, dominant and recessive
Term
albinism
Definition
Lack of pigmet in hair and skin
Term
Dihybrid
Definition
two traits being crossed
Term
principle of dominance
Definition
one gene in a pair may mask the other recessive gene
Term
sex-linked genes
Definition
gene found on the sex-chromosome
Term
coevolution
Definition
The evolution of two or more interdependent species, each adapting to changes in the other
Term
genetic variation
Definition
variation in alleles of genes
Term
evolution
Definition
The process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms
or
The gradual development of something
Term
genotype
Definition
The genetic makeup, as distinguished from the physical appearance, of an organism or a group of organisms
Term
phenotype
Definition
The set of observable characteristics of an individual
Term
meiosis
Definition
A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each with half the chromosome number of the parent cell.
Term
oogenesis
Definition
The production or development of an ovum
Term
spermatogenesis
Definition
The production or development of mature spermatozoa
Term
Karyotype
Definition
The number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species
Term
DNA
Definition
double strand, double helix, thymine, deoxyribose
Term
RNA
Definition
Single strand, ribose, uracil
Term
How many chromosomes after meiosis?
Definition
twenty-three
Term
humans have
Definition
forty-six chromosomes
Term
Sickle-cell
Definition
an inherited disease
Term
cytokinesis
Definition
division of a cell at the end of meiosis
Term
centromere
Definition
The point on a chromosome by which it is attached to a spindle fiber during cell division
Term
protein is created in where?
Definition
the cytoplasm
Term
recessive trait
Definition
In genetics, a trait that must be contributed by both parents in order to appear in the offspring.
Term
polymerase chain reaction
Definition
a scientific technique in molecular biology to amplify a single or few copies of a piece of DNA
Term
Amino acid
Definition
These molecules contain the key elements of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
Term
mRNA
Definition
messenger RNA
Term
nucleotide
Definition
Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of DNA
Term
polypeptide
Definition
A linear organic polymer consisting of a large number of amino-acid residues bonded together in a chain,
Term
sickle-cell anemia
Definition
A severe hereditary form of anemia in which a mutated form of hemoglobin distorts the red blood cells into a crescent shape
Term
Histones
Definition
Any of a group of basic proteins found in chromatin
Term
hemophilactic
Definition
uncontrolled bleeding; usually affects males and is transmitted from mother to son.
Term
Patau syndrome
Definition
trisomy 13
Term
Edward's syndrome
Definition
trisomy 18
Term
Down's syndrome
Definition
Trisomy 21
Term
Cri-du-chat
Definition
deletion in 5
Term
Jacobs
Definition
XYY
Term
Turner's syndrome
Definition
XO
Term
Klinefelter's syndrome
Definition
XXY
Term
Triple X
Definition
XXX
Term
Philadelphia Translocation
Definition
9 to 22 translocation
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