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Genetics Vocabulary
Vocabulary words
16
Science
6th Grade
12/30/2011

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Term

Cells

Definition
The basic unit of structure and function in all living things.
Term
heredity
Definition
Passing of genetic information from on generation to the next.
Term
organelles
Definition
little organs
Term
nucleus
Definition
A membrane bound structure that contains the cell's hereditary information and controls the cell's growth and reproduction.
Term

DNA

(Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

Definition
Genetic material, huge molecules containing the genetic code.  
Term
Alleles
Definition

The basic unit of heredity, code for a feature of an organism.

Term
Gene
Definition
The 2 corresponding alleles in two paired chromosomes.
Term
Genotype
Definition
Combination of alleles in an organism.   Ex: aa,  Ee,  FF,   TT
Term
Dominant allele
Definition

Have more influence and represented by uppercase letter.   Ex:   E  F   T  A

Term
Recessive allele
Definition

Have less influence and are represented by lowercase letter. 

Ex:  e   f   t   a

Term
Partial dominance
Definition
Both alleles have influence.
Term
Phenotype
Definition
The appearance of the trait in the organism.  Ex:  AA = short leg,  Aa = short leg,  aa = long leg
Term
Homozygous genes
Definition
Genes that are made up of two dominant alleles or two recessive alleles.  Example:  AA,  aa
Term
Heterozygous genes
Definition
Genes that are made up one dominant allele and one recessive allele.  Aa
Term
Punnett square
Definition
A tool that helps to predict the possible traits of the offspring.
Term
Chromosomes
Definition

Structures that carry the message of inheritance, coiled to fit in the nucleus.

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