Term
|
Definition
| The field of biology that studies how characteristics are passed from parent to offspring. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was Gregor Mendel besides the father of genetics? |
|
Definition
| Austrian monk and mathmetician. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring |
|
|
Term
| Why did Mendel use plants with contrasting traits? |
|
Definition
| So he could easily tell the results of his crosses (no in the middle traits) |
|
|
Term
| What did Mendel experiment with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F the dominant is better than the recessive. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the dominant trait do to the recessive, When does the recessive show? |
|
Definition
1.Dominant covers it up 2.Recessive shows when there is no dominant. |
|
|
Term
| What is a hybrid/heterozygous? |
|
Definition
| consisting of 1 dominant and 1 recessive gene. |
|
|
Term
| What are 2 other words for homozygous? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does homozygous mean? |
|
Definition
| Has both forms of the trait the same. SS or ss |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| represents the gene for a trait |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a punnett square used for? |
|
Definition
| to show the probability of traits appearing in an offspring. |
|
|
Term
| What is an incomplete dominance? |
|
Definition
| When the dominant allele does not completely cover the recessive allele, therefore they belnd. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When both alleles are expressed evenly. One does not cover up the other. |
|
|
Term
| A sequence of DNA nucleotides on a chromosome that has the code to determine and individual's inherited traits is a..... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Polygenic Inheritance? |
|
Definition
| Traits that are controlled by 2 or more genes ex: eye skin hair colors |
|
|
Term
| What are multiple alleles? |
|
Definition
| It is possible to have 3 alleles for 1 trait. EX: Blood Type. |
|
|
Term
| Name the genotype for A and B blood(not AB) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a dihybrid cross? |
|
Definition
| shows the probability of 2 traits appearing together. |
|
|
Term
| What is the law of segregation? |
|
Definition
| states that pairs of genes separate in meiosis and each gamete receives one gene of the pair |
|
|
Term
| What is the law of independent assortment? |
|
Definition
| States the pairs of genes separate independently of one another in meiosis so all combinations can occur. |
|
|
Term
| How many chromosomes do human have?(not sex cells) |
|
Definition
| 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Every chromosome 1-22 except for the 23rd chromosome-sex cell chromos. |
|
|
Term
| _ linked or ___ linked disorders are carried on the _ chromosome. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 2 examples of sex linked disorders on the x chromosome? |
|
Definition
1.Color Blindness 2.Hemophilia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
XAX=Carrier XAXA=Affected female XAY=Affected |
|
|
Term
| Why can't a male be a carrier of an x lined disorder? |
|
Definition
| Because the male is affected on an X link disorder since he only has one X chromosome. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What does a non-shaded square mean? A non-shaded circle? |
|
Definition
Regular Male. Regular Female. |
|
|
Term
| What does a shaded circle mean? A shaded square? |
|
Definition
Affected Female Affected Male |
|
|
Term
| T/F A non-shaded circle means it is always a carrier. |
|
Definition
| False, a non shaded circle can sometimes be a carrier or normal. In pedigrees, it can be either or. |
|
|
Term
| In an autosomal recessive disorder, what type of letters must show in order for the child to be affected? |
|
Definition
| 2 lowercase letters. Recessive. |
|
|
Term
| T/F. Males are affected more by autosomal disorders than females are. |
|
Definition
| False, they are affected equally. |
|
|
Term
| In a recessive autosomal disorder, can there be carriers? Give a genotype example of a carrier. |
|
Definition
| Yes, examples could be anything heterozygous. EX: Ll, Kk, Jj, Bb, |
|
|
Term
| What are 2 example of autosomal recessive disorders? |
|
Definition
| Cystic Fibrosis and Tay Sachs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Excess mucus in lungs that affects pancreas, leads to a shorter life... average is currently somewhere near 35. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chromo. disorder where development doesn't really occur. The individual experiences seizures and is usually blind... dies at the age of 3-4. |
|
|
Term
| In an Autosomal Dominant disorder, what is required for the disorder to show? What is required for it not to show? |
|
Definition
1.For it to show, there only has to be one dominant form of the disease. 2.For it not to show, there has to be 2 recessive. |
|
|
Term
| T/F. There are sometimes carriers for an autosomal dominant disorder? |
|
Definition
| False, there is never a carrier for autosomal dominant. |
|
|
Term
| Name 2 autosomal dominant disorders. |
|
Definition
| Huntington's Disease/Achondroplasia |
|
|
Term
| What happens in Huntingtons Disease? |
|
Definition
| The brain cells and the brain start to demolish starting at the age of 40. |
|
|
Term
| What is Achondroplasia? What to allele combinations must occur to die from it within 10-15 years? What allele combinations for just dwarf? Just normal? |
|
Definition
1.Dwarfism 2.Homoz. Dom. (Two capital letters) 3.Heterozygous letters(one cap. one lower.) 4.Homoz. Recessive letters(lowercase both) |
|
|
Term
| How are the Chloroplast and Mitochondria interrelated? |
|
Definition
| The chloroplast uses sunlight to make food which the mitochondria uses to make energy. |
|
|
Term
| Name the 4 steps for the ER/ Golgi body on how they work together in a cell. |
|
Definition
1.Protein made in the Rough ER, Lipids in Smooth ER 2.Carried to Golgi in vesicles 3.Golgi packages, modifies, and sorts then into vesicles. 4. Vesicles go to the plasma membrane where the contents are excreted. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When a person gets a cut, and the blood doesn't clot... they bleed to death. |
|
|
Term
| In a sex related disorder, why do males have a higher chance of acquiring the disorder? |
|
Definition
| Since the Male has only one X, he does not have another X to cover up for the affected one like a female does... he can't be a carrier... he either has it or he doesn't. |
|
|
Term
| Cross 2 heterozygous tall plants. Give the pheno and geno. |
|
Definition
Pheno: 75% tall, 25% short Geno: TT, Tt, tt |
|
|
Term
| In an incomplete dominant cross, a Red flower is crossed with a Pink flower. List pheno and geno. |
|
Definition
Pheno: 50% Red, 50% Pink Geno: RR, Rr |
|
|
Term
| Bloodtype cross: A with Ab. What are the possible blood types for the offspring? |
|
Definition
1.AA +A0=Blood type A 2.AB Blood type 3. BO=Blood type B |
|
|
Term
1.Heter. Tall green(recessive) X 2.Short(recessive) Homo.yellow *Tall is Dominant over Short *Yellow is dominant over Green What is the number of plants for all 4 categories? What percent for each? |
|
Definition
1.Tall Green:0/16 0% 2.Tall Yellow:8/16 50% 3.Short Green:0/16 0% 4.Short Yellow:8/16 50% |
|
|
Term
In a co-dominant relationship, cross a Roan horse with a White horse. What percentage of the horses offspring will be: 1.White haired? 2.Red haired? 3.Roan haired? |
|
Definition
1.2/4 50% 2.0/4 0% 3. 2/4 50% |
|
|
