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Definition
| small infectious particle that contains nucleic acid surrounded by a capsid of proteins |
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Definition
| nucleic acid and capsid proteins spontaneously bind to each other to form a mature virus |
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Definition
| requires the involvement of non-capsid proteins to direct the proper assembly of the virus |
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Definition
| catalyze assembly process |
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Definition
| cleave viral capsid proteins into smaller units which allows for correct assemblages |
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| unique DNA sequence at which replication is initiated |
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Definition
| left handed and produces negative supercoiling |
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| right handed and produces positive supercoiling |
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Term
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Definition
| strands that only differ with regards to supercoiling |
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Term
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Definition
| AKA topoisomerase II; induces negative supercoil and relaxes positive supercoil; critical for survival of bacteria |
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Definition
| relaxes negative supercoil |
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Term
| unique or non repetitive sequences |
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Definition
| sequences only found once or a few times within a genome |
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Term
| moderately repetitive sequences |
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Definition
| sequences found a few hundred to several thousand times in the genome |
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Term
| highly repetitive sequences |
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Definition
| those found tens of thousands or even millions of times in the genome |
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Definition
| the amount of time it takes a denatured DNA double strand to come back together |
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Definition
| 8 histone proteins plus 146 base pairs |
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Definition
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Definition
| composed of 6-8 nucleosomes that associate with each other to form a more compacted structure that is 30nm in diameter |
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Definition
| scaffold-attachment regions and matrix-attachment regions that bind to specific proteins in the nuclear matrix causing loops to form |
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Definition
| formed when 30nm fibers interact with the nuclear matrix to form loops |
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Definition
| less condensed regions capable of gene transmission |
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Definition
| tightly compacted regions of chromosome that are generally transcriptionally inactive |
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Term
| constitutive heterochromatin |
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Definition
| always heterochromatic and permanently inactive with regards to transcription |
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Term
| facultative heterochromatin |
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Definition
| has the ability to convert between heterochromatin and euchromatin (i.e.Barr body) |
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Definition
| histone acetyltransferases that add an acetyl group |
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Definition
| histone deacetylases remove an acetyl group |
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Definition
| structural maintenance of chromosome proteins; use ATP to catalyze changes in chromosome structure |
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Definition
| promotes greater compaction of radial loops |
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Definition
| located in cell nucleus and is involved in early chromosome condensation of prophase |
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Definition
| located in cytoplasm and gains access to chromosomes only after the nuclear membrane breaks down |
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| promotes binding between sister chromatids |
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Definition
| serves as binding site for the DnaA protein |
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Definition
| causes the AT-rich region to separate |
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Definition
| bring helicase enzymes (AKA DnaB) to bind to the denatured AT-rich region and begin strand separation |
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Definition
| bind to single stranded DNA and keep it from binding back together before replication occurs |
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Definition
| synthesizes leading strand and elongates RNA primer on lagging strand |
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Definition
| synthesizes the RNA primer on the lagging strand |
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Definition
| excises RNA primer and fills gap with DNA bases |
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Definition
| links Okazaki fragments to form a continuous strand |
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Definition
| binds to the termination sequences and stops the replication fork |
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Definition
| allows advancement of clock-wise moving forks but stops counter clock-wise forks |
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Definition
| allows advancement of counter clock-wise moving forks but stops clock-wise forks |
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Definition
| two or more circular DNA molecules that have become interlocked and intertwined |
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| primosome + two DNA polymerase holoenzymes |
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| DNA adenine methyltransferase |
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