Term
| Homologous Pair of Chromosomes |
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Definition
| Two chromosomes that are alike in structure and size and that carry genetic information for the same set of hereditary characteristics. One chromosome of a homologous pair is inherited from the male parents and the other is inherited from the female parent. |
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| Possessing a single set of chromosomes. |
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| Possessing two sets of chromosomes (two genomes). |
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| The attachment point for spindle microtubules. |
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| The filaments responsible for moving chromosomes during cell division. |
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| Set of proteins that assemble on the centromere, providing the point of attachment for spindle microtubules. |
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| The natural ends of a linear chromosome; serve to stabilize chromosome ends. |
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| The sites where DNA synthesis begins. |
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| Two copies of a chromosome that are held together at the centromere; each chromatid consists of a single DNA molecule. |
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| The first major phases of the cell cycle; the period between cell divisions in which the cell grows, develops, and prepares for cell division. |
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| The cell grows and proteins necessary for cell division are synthesized. |
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| DNA synthesis, in which each chromosome duplicates. |
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| Several additional biochemical events necessary for cell division take place. |
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| The part of the cell cycle in which the copies of the cell's chromosomes (sister chromatids) separate and the cell undergoes division; includes prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. |
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| Chromosomes condense; the mitotic spindle forms. |
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| Disintegration of the nuclear membrane; spindle microtubules enter the nuclear region and make contact with the chromosomes. |
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| The chromosomes become arranged in a single plane (the metaphase plate) between the two centrosomes, which center at the spindle poles. |
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| Sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite spindle poles. |
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| Chromosomes arrive at the spindle poles; nuclear membrane re-forms around eat set of chromosomes; cytokinesis is usually simultaneous. |
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| Leads to gamets in which chromosome number is reduced by half; consists of prophase I to telophase I, interkinesis, and prophase II to telophase II. |
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| Two haploid gametes fuse and restore chromosome number to its original diploid value. |
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| Homologous chromosomes exchange genetic information. |
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| Site of crossing over in meiosis. |
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| Creating new combinations of alleles on a chromatid. |
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| A protein that holds the chromatids together; key to the behavior of chromosomes in mitosis and meiosis. |
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| The production of gametes in a male animal; takes place in the testes and results in four haploid sperm. |
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| The production of gametes in a female animal; results in a single haploid ovum. |
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| In oogenesis, contains half of the chromosomes but a small amount of the cytoplasm. |
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