Term
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Definition
| study of genes and genotypes in a population |
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Definition
| a group of individuals of the same species that occupy the same region and can interbreed with one another |
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Definition
| all alleles for every gene within a population |
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Term
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Definition
| multiple alleles exist for a specific gene |
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| what is the point of determining allele and genotypic frequencies? |
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Definition
| to predict if it is experiencing evolutionary change |
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| Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium |
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Definition
| allele and genotype frequencies of a population are not changing over many generations |
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Term
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Definition
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
p= allele frequency of allele #1
q= allele frequency of allele #2
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Term
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Definition
| likelihood that a genotype will contribute to the gene pool of the next generation as compared to other genotypes |
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Term
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Definition
| changes in a population's gene pool from one generation to the next |
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Term
| 4 types of Natural selection |
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Definition
directional
stabilizing
diversifying(disruptive)
balancing |
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Term
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Definition
An extreme phenotype confers higher fitness
Intermediate genotypes may eventually be eliminated |
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Term
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Definition
favors organisms with intermediate phenotype
extreme genotypes are eventually eliminated |
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Term
| diversifying (disruptive) selection |
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Definition
heterogeneous environments
some organisms survive better in diff parts of the environment
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Term
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Definition
maintains genetic diversity
genes remain polymorphic
heterozygote advantage |
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Term
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Definition
when the heterozygote has advantage over either homozygote
Ex. carrier/infected with sickle cell anemia means they are immune to malaria. |
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Term
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Definition
random change in a population's allele frequencies that are unrelated to fitness and genotypes
has greater impact on smaller populations
favors loss of fixation of a particular allele |
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Term
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Definition
means it has 100% frequency on that population
ex. we would all have blue eyes |
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Term
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Definition
population is drastically reduced in size
reduction in genetic diversity
due to natural disaster that wipes out an area |
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Term
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Definition
small group separates from the population
the new population will have less genetic variation
usually separated b/c of natural disaster
usually unintentional and unwilling |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of organisms and genes from one population to another |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of gene from 1 population to another |
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Term
| nonrandom (assortative) mating |
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Definition
| mates are chosen based on their phenotype |
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Term
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Definition
| to mate with a genetically related organism |
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Term
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Definition
| genetically different organisms are mating |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs b/c you have a smaller gene pool |
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Term
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Definition
affects our DNA regardless of fitness
physically and genetically might occur |
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Term
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Definition
get a new allele to appear
subunits of a protein rearranged to get a different combination- nothing is lost, you still get a protein, just a very different protein |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs b/w organisms in the same generation |
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