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| A gene having two or more alternative forms, that occupy corresponding positions on homologous chromosome. |
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| Any chromosome other than the sex chromosome. |
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| An individual who is heterozygous for a recessive trait, and therefore will not express the trait, but may pass the trait on to its offspring. |
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| Long coiled strands of deoxyribonucleic acid and protein that comprise the genetic material. |
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| A genetic pattern where the pair of alleles is equally expressed in the offspring |
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| A genetic disorder caused by a recessive trait carried on the autosomes that causes mucus build up in the pancreas, lungs, digestive tract, and other organs. |
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| Reffering to a cell that has two sets (2N) of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent. |
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| deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that contains information to code for proteins within the nucleus of the cell. |
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| The term used to describe the gene that is expressed when a single allele is present. |
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| A cell that has the potential to combine with another cell for sexual reproduction; this cell contains only half the chromosome number of the organism (1N) and has been formed by the process of meiosis. |
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| The basic unit of heredity that codes for a particular protein. |
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| The genetic make-up of the organism represented by letters. |
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| Cells that contain a single set of chromosomes (N) |
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| A principle stating that under certain conditions, the frequencies of alleles in a population remain constant from generation to generation |
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| The genetic condition of an organism with one dominant and one recessive allele for a particular trait |
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| A matching pair of chromosomes that possess genes for the same traits; one of the pair is inherited from the organism's father, and one comes from the mother. |
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| The genetic condition of an organism that has two identical alleles for a given trait. |
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| An organism that receives different genetic information from each parent for a particular trait |
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| The crossing of two breeds to obtain an offspring with characteristics of both |
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| The technique of crossing two individuals with similar genotypes. |
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| The pattern of inheritance that produces offspring with phenotypes showing a blend of both parents. |
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| A photograph of a cell's chromosomes, arranged in homologous pairs; this picture can be used to detect problems originating in the chromosomes of an individual, even before birth |
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| An inheritance pattern where the offspring will express a particular trait even if only receiving a single allele for that trait. |
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| Law of Independent Assortment |
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Definition
| Mendel's second law, stating that teach allele pair segregate independently during gamete formation |
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Definition
| Mendel's first law, stating that each pair of alleles separate during the formation of gametes. |
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| Genes that are found close together on the same chromosome |
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| The type of cell division that forms cells containing only half the chromosomes of the original cell. This is required to form gametes for sexual reproduction. |
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| Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) established the basic principles of heredity by breeding garden peas in an Augustinian monastery. |
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| Three or more different alleles for a single gene found in a population to control a particular trait like blood type alleles. |
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| Spontaneous change in a gene or chromosome |
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| A chart showing how a trait is inherited in a family. |
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| The physical appearance of an organism. |
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| A pattern of inheritance that involves many genes controlling a trait such as eye color, skin color, and height |
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Definition
| The process of putting together amino acids to form proteins; controlled by DNA |
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| A chart used to predict all possible genotypes from all the gametes of a given set of parents. |
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Definition
| The allele that is not expressed in the phenotype unless the organism is homozygous for that allele. |
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Definition
| The process of making exact copies of DNA for the production of new cells. |
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Definition
| Ribonucleic acid; aids DNA in the production of proteins; there are three forms of RNA: messenger, ribosomal, and transfer. |
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Definition
| Chromosome containing the genetic information to code for the sex of the organism |
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| Genes found on the X or Y chromosome |
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| Genetic disorder caused by recessive autosomal inheritance; the red blood cells are sickle-shaped and unable to transport oxygen efficiently. |
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| The pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis |
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| A genetic disorder that causes complex lipids to collect in the brain, leading to death in early childhood. |
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| Breeding of an organism of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the genotype of the unknown individual. The ratio of phenotype in the offspring determines the unknown genotype |
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Definition
| The process of copying the DNA code onto a strand of mRNA |
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Definition
| The process of synthesizing amino acids into proteins with the aid of RNA |
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