Term
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Definition
| Production of different mature mRNAs from the same primary transcript by joining different combinations of exons. |
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Term
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Definition
| An RNA molecule 21-24 bases in length that is encoded in the genome of an organism and used by a cell to modulategene expression through the process of RNA interfrence. |
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Term
| Small interfering RNA siRNA |
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Definition
| a class of double-stranded RNA molecules, 20-25 base pairs in length. siRNA plays many roles, but it is most notable in the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, where it interferes with the expression of specific genes with complementary nucleotide sequence. siRNA also acts in RNAi-related pathways, e.g., as an antiviral mechanism or in shaping the chromatin structure of a genome. |
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Term
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Definition
| The sequence specific modulation of Eukaryotic gene expression by a 21-24 nucleotide long RNA molecule referred to as a microRNA if it is encoded within the genome and short interfering RNA if it is introduced into the cell by scientists or infectious agents. THese small, specailized RNAs prevent the expression of specific genes through complementary base pairing. IN the most common natural form of RNAi, primary miRNA - containing transcripts are processed sequentially with the enzymes Drosha and Dicer to produce a mature miRNA that is loaded onto an RNA -induced silencing complex (RISC). The RISC complex binds to complementary mRNA targets causing mRNA degradation or reduced tranlational activity. |
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Term
| Small nuclear RNA (snRNA) |
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Definition
| commonly referred to as U-RNA, is a class of small RNA molecules that are found within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. The length of an average snRNA is approximately 150 nucleotides. They are transcribed by either RNA polymerase II or RNA polymerase III, and studies have shown that their primary function is in the processing of pre-mRNA (hnRNA) in the nucleus. They have also been shown to aid in the regulation of transcription factors (7SK RNA) or RNA polymerase II (B2 RNA), and maintaining the telomeres. |
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Term
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Definition
| A cytoplasmic enzyme component of the RNAi machinery present in all eukaryotic cells. Dicer recognizes double stranded RNA duplexes and trims off both ends to create duplex products 21-24 base pairs long that contain a miRNA strand and a complementary miRNA strand. Dicer passes the miRNA to RISC |
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Term
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Definition
| a nucleoprotein that contains RNA, i.e. it is an association that combines ribonucleic acid and protein together. A few known examples include the ribosome, the enzyme telomerase, vault ribonucleoproteins, RNase P, hnRNP and small nuclear RNPs (snRNPs), which are implicated in pre-mRNA splicing (spliceosome) and are among the main components of the nucleolus. ' |
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Term
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Definition
| a post translational modification (an addition to a protein after it has been made) where ubiquitin is attached to a substrate protein. The addition of ubiquitin can affect proteins in many ways: it can signal for their degradation via the proteasome, alter their cellular location, affect their activity and promote or prevent protein interactions. |
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