Term
| Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR) |
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Definition
| a fast inexpensive method of replicating a DNA sequence once the sequence has been identified; based on a reiterative loop that amplifies the product of each previous round of replication. |
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Definition
| Short single stranded DNA molecules (containing less than 50 bases); can be synthesized by an automated DNA synthesizer. Oligonucleotides are used as DNA probes and as Primers for DNA sequencing or PCR. |
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Definition
| determining the order of nucleotides (base sequences) in a DNA or RNA molecule or the order of amino acids in a protein. |
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| sequencing approach in which the overlapping insert fragments to be sequenced have been randomly generated in one of three ways: from large insert clones known as BACs; from the shearing with sound of the whole genome; or from partial digestion of the whole genome with restriction enzymes. |
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Term
| Bacterial Artifical Chromosome (BAC) |
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Definition
| essential componenet of a bacterial genome; usually a single circular molecule of double helical DNA. Artifical if it doesn't contain the species genome. |
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Definition
| A set of two or more partially overlapping cloned DNA fragments that together cover an uninterrupted strech of the genome. |
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Definition
| a method of DNA sequencing based on the selective incorporation of chain-terminating dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPS) by DNA polymerase during in vitro DNA replication. dNTPS stop the elongation of the DNA chain because they lack the 3' OH group for the formation of a phosphodiester bond. Each reaction has only one of the ddNTPs added to it. |
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Definition
| A type of biorepository which preserve genetic material. In plants, this could be by freezing cuts from the plant, or stocking the seeds. In animals, this is the freezing of sperm and eggs in zoological freezers until further need. |
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Definition
| A annotated anucleotide sequences that has its protein product mapped. |
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Definition
| The national human genome resarch institutes Ethical, Legan and Social Implications (ELSI) research program. |
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Definition
| Black-and-white diagram of the chromosomes converted from the light and dark observed under the microscope. |
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Definition
| DNA element composed of 15-100 tandem repeats of one two or three base pair sequences |
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Definition
| AKA DNA chip / bio chip. A collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface. Scientist use DNA microarrays to measure the expression levels of large numbers of genes simultaneously or to genotype multiple regions of a genome. |
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Definition
| Serial Analysis of Gene Expression. Sequencing technique for determining the quantitites of different RNAs in a mixture. |
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Definition
| The visual description of the complete set of chromosomes in one cell of an organism; usually presented as a photomicrograph with the chromosomes arranged in a standard format showing the number, size and shape of each chromosome type. |
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Definition
| Massive Parallel Signature Sequencing. A sequenced based approach that can be used to identify and quantify mRNA transcripts present in a sample similar to SAGE but the biochemical manipulation and sequencing approach differ substantially. |
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Definition
| A map of locations of identifiable landmarks on DNA (for example, restriction enzyme cutting sites, genes). For the human genome the lowest resolution physical map is the banding patterns of the 24 different chromosomes; the highest resolution map is the complete nucleotide sequence of the chromosomes. |
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Definition
| Depicts the distances between loci as well as the order in which they occur on the organism. |
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Definition
| a scientific methodology which emphasizes analysis of large volumes of experimental data with the goal of finding new patterns or correlations, leading to hypothesis formation and other scientific methodologies. |
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| similar or identical sequences that occur within nucleic acid sequences (such as RNA and DNA sequences), protein sequences, protein structures or polymeric carbohydrates across species (orthologous sequences) or within different molecules produced by the same organism (paralogous sequences). |
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Definition
| Expressed Sequence Tag. a short sub-sequence of a cDNA sequence. They may be used to identify gene transcripts, and are instrumental in gene discovery and gene sequence determination. |
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Definition
| a method of mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that takes advantage of historic linkage disequilibrium to link phenotypes (observable characteristics) to genotypes (the genetic constitution of organisms). |
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Definition
| a term typically used to describe situations where a given biochemical function is redundantly encoded by two or more genes. In these cases, mutations (or defects) in one of these genes will have a smaller effect on the fitness of the organism than expected from the genes’ function. |
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Definition
| Flourescene in situ hybridization. A physical mapping approach that uses fluorescent tags to detect hybridzation of nucleic acid probes with chromosomes. |
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