Term
| why do mutations that happens in sex cells be passedon the offspring but mutaions in stomatic cells can only be passed on to decendent daughter cells. |
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Definition
| Yo9u dont inheret anything exceptfrom the fert egg |
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Term
deletion mutation and example
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Definition
loss ofgenetic material in a dna sequence
ex. ATGGCGTA =ATGGC |
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Term
| how do identical twins happen |
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Definition
| when a fertilized egg splits into two zygotes |
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Term
| how are jennaand bridget not identical |
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Definition
| the actdifffernt and ones productive and the other spits on moniters |
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Term
| what was the human genome progect |
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Definition
| mapping the location of genes |
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Term
| how mant genes do humanshave |
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Definition
| the same number as fish and mice |
|
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Term
| describe angelmans syndrome andwhat mutation is caused |
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Definition
| jerk movement andno speech but they smile all the time and a sequence of dna is deleted from chriomoseome 15 |
|
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Term
| describe prder will syndorme andwhat mutaion is causeed |
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Definition
| floppy at birth and big appitite and sequenceofdnais deleted from chromoseme 15 |
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Term
| whats difference between angelmans and prsder will syderomes |
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Definition
| inhereted from mom is angelman and inhereted from dada is preder will |
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Term
| what is theepigenome and what does iteffect |
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Definition
| all the epigenetic facors tha tchange our dna and they shut down certain genes |
|
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Term
| list three epigeneticphenomena that we see in humans |
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Definition
| diabetes and obisity and cancer |
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Term
| why do identical twin become more differnet as they get older |
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Definition
| as yrs pass epigeneticgenes changemore and begin to accumulate |
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Term
| how didthe behavoir in themother rat effect the expression of genes in thebaby rat |
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Definition
| if the mother licked the mouse it was regular butid mother ignored mouse the mouse had problems like hight blood pressure and stress levels |
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Term
| when scientist removedthe methel group from the rats dna what happened |
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Definition
| the rat responed to stress and acted differnetly |
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Term
why do we get older indtead ofliving forever and why is it good
|
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Definition
| every time a stem cell repairs it ages and for evolution |
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Term
| how does epigenetic therey work |
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Definition
| when you go in pull the methel group ofthe problem genes |
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|
Term
| when walter k looked at the hippocampus in the braains ofthe identical twins what waas differnt |
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Definition
| the jid with autism had a smaller oneand the reg kid was bigger |
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Term
| which allele ismosly located in the western hemisphere |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| which allele is located mosly in western europe |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| which allee is not found in austrailia |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| which continent had the highest frequencyof b alllele |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| which alle is notfounf in the wester hemisphere except for wester alaska |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what conclusion can be made about the worl wide distribbbutionof yhe a allela |
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Definition
| the a alleleis the popular overthe continents than the other ones but thehighestfrequency is in austrailia |
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|
Term
| ewhat can be conclued about thedistrubutiong of the b alles |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what can be concluded aboutthe o allele |
|
Definition
| llocated all arounf the world in every continent besides europe. most in south africa |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| surface protiens that act as cellular ID |
|
|
Term
| how manny chromosomes should be in a normal huiman karyotype |
|
Definition
| 23 paris and 46 chromosome |
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|
Term
| how many of each chrmoseome number shouldthere be |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| how many autosomes should there be and give ex. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the name of the dissorder resulting in 3copies of the chromosome 21 |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| affects red blood cells andcauses damage to tissues |
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Term
|
Definition
| excess muscle in lunmgs, digestive tract, liver: increased suspecpitbility to infections |
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Term
|
Definition
| accumularion of the phenoklyline in tissure and lack ofnormal skin pigment andmental rtard |
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|
Term
| inserion mutation and example |
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Definition
| the addittional of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a dna sequence! ATGC=ATGCTAC |
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Term
|
Definition
| when one or more nucleotides are switched by the same number of different nucletides ACTGA=AGTGA |
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Term
| jumping genes and example |
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Definition
| sequenses or dna that can move around to differnet positions within the genome of a single cell. ex. cancer, hemophila |
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Term
| what are environmental hazards that can use mutations |
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Definition
| nuclear radiations solar radiations solvents like benzene toxic chemicals acids and bases |
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|
Term
| what is meiosis and what does it start and end with |
|
Definition
| cell divion of gametes starts with diploid and ends with haploid |
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|
Term
| list possible sources of genetic variatio |
|
Definition
| epigenetic factors independent assortment/ recombination gene flow mutations |
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|
Term
| describe how a mutaion could have a positve on a living thing |
|
Definition
| mutation make differnet complexteries and it makes out world more diverse |
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Term
|
Definition
| when person downs syndrome their karyotype has a trisony of chromosomes which means decresed mucsle tone at birth odd shaped skull |
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|
Term
| turners syndrome karyotype |
|
Definition
have cancer bigones in their 21st chromosome also causes change in womens x chromosome
shorter than average and unable to concive child |
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|
Term
| klinfelder sydrome karyotype |
|
Definition
men have two chromosomes and 1 y
sympoms are no sighns untill puberty a lot of pubic hair and facial hair underveloped mucseles and enlarged breast |
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|
Term
| What do mutations result in |
|
Definition
more adapted protiens
not enought protien
too much protien
the wrong protien |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| when one hass too many chromosome in one cell and not enough in the other |
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|
Term
| what do people with downs syndrome have on their hands |
|
Definition
| seolian fold thatgoes straight acrosstheirhand |
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|
Term
| what areexamplesof non dijunction |
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Definition
| dons turners an klinfelders syndrome |
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Term
|
Definition
| mental and physical retardation |
|
|
Term
| what are atosomal recessive deseases |
|
Definition
| usually caused by point mutations likedeltion and insertion |
|
|
Term
| what isframeshift mutation |
|
Definition
| bond when one or more genes aredeleted so if a in TTGACCG is deleted then the TTGCCG bond together |
|
|
Term
| what do different antigens result in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when a part of thechromosome breaks off and ataches toanother non homologous chromosome |
|
|
Term
| what does translocation produce |
|
Definition
| gametesthat do not have theproper complement to dna |
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Term
|
Definition
| thefailure of homoolougues chromosome to seperate duriong meisis |
|
|
Term
| what are examples of autosomal recessive muittaions |
|
Definition
| sickle cellanimia cystic firosis |
|
|
Term
| sickle cell animia produces.... |
|
Definition
| clumps in theblood stream and leads to tissue death |
|
|
Term
| cystic fybrosis produces... |
|
Definition
| mucus in the lungs and pancreas |
|
|
Term
| what does phenyaline make |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is blalalalalalam pheyketonurialia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is sickle celll disese caused by? |
|
Definition
| mutaion in hemogllobin that makes red blood cells siff and vlock the arteries |
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