• You produce in high quantities very quickly
• All offspring have the same desirable characteristics
• You do not have the risk of having to find a mate

• There is no variety in the offspring as they are genetically identical
• As they are identical, if there is a change in enviroment e.g a disease they may be unable to adapt.

• There is variety in offspring as they are all genetically different
• Offspring are able to adapt to changes in the enviroment.

• It is risky to find a mate so there is a chance of extinction
• It takes longer to produce offspring

• You can produce more quickly
• They are cheap to produce in the East
• You can save endangered Species
• You produce many organisms from a small piece of tissue
• You know the outcome
• Little space is needed
• Inheirit desirable chaeacteristics
• You can produce plants which are hard to breed.

• It is expensive
• It is hard to transport back and forth
• You have to have a sterile enviroment and controlled conditions
• No possibility of new benefits of different/developed characteristics
• It is asexual reproduction so a change in enviroment may lead to failure of whole crop.
• It reduces the gene pool

FSH and LH- At Ovulation- To produce lots of eggs

Oestrogen- Implantaition- To prepare the womb

1. The nucleus is enuceleated from an unfertilised egg cell from egg donor
2. A body cell has its nucelus removed. This is from the animal which is cloned
3. The nucleus and the empty egg are combined
4. The combined cell is given a electric shocok so it starts dividing.
5. When the embryo is developed it is placed in the womb of another animal so the cloned animal is not in danger.

• We know the characteristics
• We can genetically modify animals for different uses e.g medical uses
• We can bing back extinct animals
• Could make cones of prized animals
• Therapeutic cloning  (human tissue cloning) can help to cure diseases.

• It is difficult and time consuming
• Clones hae deformatities
• Cloning is asexual reproduction so reduces gene pool so the organism would not adapt to changes in enviroment
• Would not have featues to survive in the wild
• A cloned human would not be treated as an individual

1. Find a type of plant which produces a blue pigment
2. Remove Plant's chromosomes
3. Cut out the gene for blue pigment using enzymes
4. Coat gold particles in gene/DNA
5. Insert gene cells into cotton plant using a gene gun.
6. Use a tissue culture
7. Grow many plants from GM cells

1. The lysozyme enzyme breaks open the bacterium
2. The restriction enzyme then cuts the plasmid out of the bacterium.
3. The insulin is taken out of a human cell using the restriction enzyme
4. The genes are mixed using another enzyme
5. The plasmid with human insulin gene is put back into the bacterium
6. The bacteruim multiplies so there is a colony with the insulin gene.
7. The insulin gene is switched on and the insulin is harvested from the bacteria.

You can alter the DNA easily

and

The multiply quickly in a short time period.