Central Nervous System

(CNS)

The regulation of biological cycles into regular patterns.

Refers to sleep.

Peripheral Nervous System

(PNS)

Autonomic Nercous System

(ANS)

A condition in which the corpus callosum is surgically cut and the two hempisphers of the brain do not receive information directly from each other.

Items seen with the left eye can verbally communicate what was seen whereas on the right eye the item can be picked up or pointed out with the left hand.

Signal Detection Theory

(SDT)

A decrease in sensivity to a constant level of stimulation. Shows the adaptation of the mind.

Example: Forgetting about a ticking clock.

Uses occlusion which is when a near object blocks one that is farther away, and relative size meaning far-off objects project smaller retinal images than close objects do. Familiar size, linear perspective, texture gradient and position relative to horizon are cues as well.

Cues of depth perception that are available to each eye alone.

Uses binocular disparity which is caused by the distance between a person's eyes, which provides each eye with a slightly different image.

Cues of depth perception that arise from the fact that people have two eyes.

Also known as Pavlovian conditioning;

A type of learned response that occurs when a neutral object comes to elicit a reflexive response when it is associated with a stimulus that already produces that response

Also known as instrumental conditioning;

A learning process in which the consequences of an action determine the likelihood that it will be performed in the future.

Unconditioned Stimulus

(US)

Unconditioned Response

(UR)

Conditioned Stimulus

(CS)

Conditioned Response

(CR)

A learning model;

A cognitive model of classical conditioning; it states the strength of the CS-US association is determined by the extent to which the unconditioned stimulus is unexpected.

The increase in the probability of a behavior's being repeated following the administration of a stimulus

Giving something desired.

The increase in the probability of a behavior's being repeated through the removal of a stimulus.

Taking away something unwanted.

Punishment that occurs with the administration of a stimulus and thus decreases the probability of a behaviors recurring.

Giving something unwanted

Punishment that occurs with the removal of a stimulus and thus decreases the probability of a behavior's recurring.

Taking away something desired.

A schedule in which reinforcement is consistently provided after a specific number of tims.

Example: Always every 3 times.

A schedule in which reinforcement is consistently provided after a specific unit of time.

Example: Every 1 hour

A schedule in which reinforcement is applied at different rates.

Example: After 2 instances, then 7, then 9, etc.

A schedule in which reinforcement is applied at different times.

Example: After 1 hour, the 3 hours, the 8 hours, etc.

Seven Sins of Memory

1. Transcience- Reduced memory over time like the plot of a movie.

2. Absentmindedness- Reduced memory due to failing to pay attention

3. Blocking-Inability to remember needed information

4. Misattribution-Assigning a memory to the wrong source

5. Suggestibility- Altering a memory because of misleading information.

6. Bias- Influence of current knowledge on our memory for past events.

7. Persistence- The resurgence of unwanted or disturning memoreis that we would like to forget.

An abstract mental representation that does not correspond to the physical features of an object or idea.

Example: A Word

IQ

Intelligence Quotient

Secure: majority of infants who are readily comforted when their caregiver returns after a brief separation

Avoidant: infants ignore their caregiver when he or she returns after a brief separation                                                    

Anxious-Ambivalent: infants become extremely when their caregiver leaves but reject the caregiver when he or she returns.  

Disorganize: infans give mixed responses when their caregiver leaves and then returns from a short absence.

Using a belief or rule to determine if a conclusion is valid (follows logically from the belief of view)

Broad to Narrow 

Actual change in the behavior of the people or animals being observed that is due to observer bias.

Example: One group being told their rats are genetically smarter so they perform better in mazes.

Institutional Review Board

(IRB)

Located at the front of the parietal lobe it is where the senses are found. It groups senses near to each other.

Example: Senses of fingers are near senses of palms.

Defining Attribute Model: a concept is characterized by a list of features that are necessary to determine if an object is a member of the category.

Prototype Model: says that some members of a category are more representative than others (depending on culture)

Exemplar Model: information stored about the members of a category is used to determine category membership.

During each stage of development children from new schemas.

Made up of Sensorimotor, Peroperational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational

Assesses how much physical energy is required for our sense organs to detect a stimulus.

Includes absolute and different thresholds.

James-Lange Theory of Emotion

vs.

Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion

J-L: Stimulus to Arousal to Emotion

C-B: Stimulus: Arousal and Emotion are processed separately.

A set of rules defining perception;

1. Proximity- We group closer objects together.

2. Similarity- We tend to group figures according to how closely they resemble each other.

3. Good Continuation- We tend to interpret intersecting lines as continuous

5. Closure-We tend to complete figures even when gaps exist.

6. Illusory Contours- We tend to perceive contours even when they do not exist.

Pre-Conventional-Self Interest

Conventional-Social Norms

Post Conventional-Absolute Tuth (Above Law)

Made of three things

Analytical

Practical

Creative