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General Psychology I
Exploring Psychology in Modules (seventh edition) Module 1-2
49
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
06/07/2009

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

Aristotle

Definition
Greek Philosopher - wrote about dreams , senses and memory
Term

 

 

Rene Descartes

Definition
French philosopher - promoted a doetrine called "Interactive dualism"
Term

 

 

 

Wilhem Wundt

Definition

 

 

The founder of psychology

Term

 

 

 

Edward Tichener

Definition

 

 

Structuralism

Term

 

 

Willian James

Definition

 

 

Functionalism

Term

 

 

Stanley Hall

Definition
Functionalism - He Stablished the first research lab in the US at Jonh Hopkins University 1883
Term

 

 

Mary Whiton Calkins

Definition
First woman to be elected president of the APA
Term

 

 

Margaret Floy Washburn

Definition
First woman PHD in pshycology / second womean president of the APA
Term

 

 

Sigmund Freud

Definition
Psychoanalysis
Term

 

 

Jonh Watson

Definition

 

 

Behaviorism

Term

 

 

 

B . F Skinner

Definition

 

 

Behaviorism

Term

 

 

Carl Roger

Definition

 

 

Humanistic Psychology

Term

 

 

Abraham Maslow

Definition

 

 

 

Humanustic Psychology

Term

 

 

Research Methods

Definition

1 surveys

2 case study

3 naturalistic observation

4 experiment

Term

 

 

Nature versus Norture

Definition

Nature (heredity)

versus

Nurture (environment)

Term

 

 

Neuroscience

Definition
How the body and brain alow emotions, memories, and sensory experiences.
Term

 

 

Evolutionary

Definition
How the natural selection of traits promotes the perpetuation of one's genes .
Term

 

 

Behavior Genetics

Definition
How much our genes and our environment influence our individual differences .
Term

 

 

Psychodynamic

Definition
How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts .
Term

 

 

Behavioral

Definition
How we learn observable responses.
Term

 

 

Cognitive

Definition
How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information .
Term

 

 

Social Cultural

Definition
How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures
Term

 

 

Illusory Correlation

Definition
The perception of a relationship where none exists .
Term

 

 

Overconfidence

Definition
Sometimes we think we know more than we do .
Term

 

 

 

Bias

Definition
An opnion about whether a person, group, idea is good or bad, that influences how you deal with it.
Term

 

 

Hypothesis

Definition
A testable prediction, often implied by a theory.
Term

 

 

Causality

Definition
The relationship between a cause and effecr that it has .
Term

 

 

 

Correlation

Definition
A relationship between two ideas, facts etc.
Term

 

 

Correlation Coefficient

Definition
The correlation coefficient a concept from statistics is a measure of how well trends in the predicted values follow trends in past actual values.  It is a measure of how well the predicted values from a forecast model "fit" with the real-life data.
Term

 

 

Correlation Coefficient - Indicates relationship between to variables.

Definition

R - 0.37

0.00 - 1.0

A perfect fit gives a coefficient of 1.0

Term

 

 

Case Study

Definition
It is a technique in which a person is studied in depth .
Term

 

 

Skepticism

Definition

 

 

Doubting and questioning

Term

 

 

 

Placebo

Definition
A substance given to a patient instead of medicine, withour telling them it is not real.
Term

 

 

 

Double-Blind Procedure

Definition
An experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo.
Term

 

 

Hindsight Bias

Definition
The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it.
Term

 

 

 

Correlation

Definition

A measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other.

The correlation coefficient is the mathematical expression of the relationship, ranging from -1 to +1

Term

 

PSYCHOLOGISTS

Biological

Definition
Explore the links between brain and mind.
Term

 

 

PSYCHOLOGISTS

Developmental

Definition
Study changing abilities from womb to tomb.
Term

 

 

PSYCHOLOGISTS

Cognitive

Definition
Study how we perceive, think, and solve problems.
Term

 

 

PSYCHOLOGISTS

Social

Definition
Explorer how we view and affect one another.
Term

 

 

PSYCHOLOGISTS

Clinical

Definition
Studies, assesses , and treats people with psychological disorder.
Term

 

 

PSYCHOLOGISTS

Counseling

Definition
Helps people cope with academic, vocational, and marital challenges.
Term

 

 

MODE

Definition
The most frequently occuring score(s) in a distribution.
Term

 

 

 

MEAN

Definition
The arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores.
Term

 

 

MEDIAN

Definition
The middle measurements in a set of measurements that are arranged in order.
Term

 

 

 

RANGE

Definition

The limits within which amounts, quantities, ages etc.

(minimun - maximun)

Term

 

 

 

Standard Deviation

Definition
A number in statistics that shows how widely members of a mathematical set vary from the average set.
Term

 

 

Standard Deviation Formula

Definition
sum of deviation (square) / number of scores
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