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General principles of pathophysiology
Chapter 7 Key terms Review
59
Medical
Not Applicable
01/26/2011

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Term
ACIDOSIS
Definition
A CONDITION MARKED BY A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF IONS. (PH BELOW 7.5)
Term
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
Definition
A CARRIER MEDIATED PROCESS THAT CAN MOVE AGAINST A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT.
Term
AEROBIC
Definition
OF OR PERTAINING TO THE PRESCENCE OF AIR OR OXYGEN.
Term
AFTERLOAD
Definition
THE TOTAL RESISTANCE AGAINST WHICH BLOOD MUST BE PUMPED;ALSO KNOWN AS PERIPHERAL VASCULAR RESISTANCE.
Term
ALKALOSIS
Definition
A CONDITION MARKED BY A LOW CONCENTRATION OF HYDROGEN IONS.
Term
ALLERGENS
Definition
SUBSTANCES THAT CAN PRODUCE HYPERSENSITIVETY REACTIONS IN THE BODY.
Term
ANION
Definition
AN ION WITH A NEGATIVE CHARGE.
Term
ANTIGENS
Definition
SUBSTANCES (USUALLY PROTEINS) THAT CAUSE THE FORMATION OF AN ANTIBODY AND THAT REACT SPECIFICALLY WITH THAT ANTIBODY.
Term
ATROPHY
Definition
DECREASE IN THE SIZE (SHRINKAGE) OF A CELL, WHICH ADVERSELY AFFECTS CELL FUNCTION.
Term
B LYMPHOCYTES
Definition
THE LYMPHOCYTES RESPONSIBLE FOR ANTIBODY MEDIATED IMMUNITY.
Term
CARDIAC OUTPUT
Definition
THE VOLUME OF BLOOD PUMPED EACH MINUTE BY THE VENTRICLE.
Term
CATION
Definition
AN ION WITH A POSITIVE CHARGE.
Term
COMPLEMENT SYSTEM
Definition
A GROUP OF PROTEINS THAT COAT BACTERIA; THE PROTEINS EITHER HELP KILL THE BACTERIA DIRECTLY OR THEY ASSIST THE NUETROPHILS(IN THE BLOOD0 OR THE MACROPHILS (IN THE TISSUE)TO DESTROY THE BAC.
Term
DIFFUSION
Definition
THE PROCESS BY WHICH SOLID PARTICLES IN FLUID MOVE FROM A CONCENTRATION OF HIGH TO LOW RESULTING IN THE EVEN DISTRIBUTION OF THE PARTICLES.
Term
DYSPLASIA
Definition
ABNORMAL CELLULAR GROWTH.
Term
EDEMA
Definition
THE ACCUMALATION OF FLUID IN THE INTERSTITUAL SPACES.
Term
EXTRACELLULAR FLUID
Definition
THE WATER FOUND OUTSIDE THE CELLS, INCLUDING THAT IN THE INTRAVASCULAR AND INTERSTITUAL COMPARTMENTS.
Term
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
Definition
A CARRIER MEDIATED PROCESS THAT MOVES SUBSTANCES INTO OR OUT OF CELLS FROM A HIGH TO A LOW CONCENTRATION.
Term
HYPERCALCEMIA
Definition
A HIGHER THAN NORMAL CONCENTRATION OF CALCIUM IN THE BLOOD.
Term
HYPERKALEMIA
Definition
A HIGHER THAN NORMAL CONCENTRATION OF POTASSIUM IN THE BLOOD.
Term
HYPERMAGNESEMIA
Definition
A HIGHER THAN NORMAL CONCENTRATION OF MAGNESIUM IN THE BLOOD.
Term
HYPERNATREMIC
Definition
A HIGHER THAN NORMAL CONCENTRATION OF SODIUM IN THE BLOOD.
Term
HYPERPLASIA
Definition
AN EXESSIVE INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF CELLS.
Term
HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION
Definition
AN ALTERED IMMUNILOGICAL RESPONSE TO AN ANTIGEN THAT RESULTS IN A PATHOLOGICAL IMMUNE RESPONSE UPON REEXPOSURE.
Term
HYPERTONIC
Definition
USED TO DESCRIBE A SOLUTION THAT MAKES A CELL SHRINK.
Term
HYPERTROPHY
Definition
AN INCREASE IN THE SIZE OF A CELL.
Term
HYPOKALEMIA
Definition
A LOWER THAN NORMAL CONCENTRATION OF POTASSIUM IN THE BLOOD.
Term
HYPOMAGNESEMIA
Definition
A LOWER THAN NORMAL CONCENTRATION OF MAGNESIUM IN THE BLOOD.
Term
HYPONATREMIC
Definition
A TERM USED TO DESCRIBE A LOWER THAN NORMAL CONCENTRATION OF SODIUM IN THE BLOOD.
Term
HYPOPERFUSION
Definition
INADEQUATE CIRCULATION THAT RESULTS IN THE INSUFFICIENT DELIVERY OF OXYGEN AND NUTRIENTS. KNOWN AS SHOCK
Term
HYPOTONIC
Definition
TERM USED TO DESCRIBE A SOLUTION THAT CAUSES A CELL TO SWELL.
Term
HYPOXEMIA
Definition
A LOWER THAN NORMAL OXYGEN CONTENT OF THE BLOOD MEASURED IN ARTERIAL BLOOD SAMPLE.
Term
IMMUNE RESPONSE
Definition
A DEFENSE FUNCTION OF THE BODY THAT PRODUCES ANTIBODIES.
Term
INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
Definition
A TISSUE REACTION TO AN INJURY OR TO AN ANTIGEN.
Term
INTERSTITUAL FLUID
Definition
FLUID THAT OCCUPIES THE SPACE OUTSIDE THE BLOOD VESSELS AND/OR THE CELLS OF AN ORGAN TISSUE.
Term
INTRACELLULAR FLUID
Definition
THE FLUID FOUND IN BODY CELLS.
Term
ISCHEMIA
Definition
A STATE OF INSUFFICIENT PERFUSION OF OXYGENATED BLOOD TO A BODY ORGAN OR PART.
Term
ISOTONIC
Definition
TERM USED TO DESCRIBE A SOLUTION THAT CAUSES CELLS NEITHER TO SWELL OR SHRINK.
Term
LACTIC ACIDOSIS
Definition
A DISORDER THAT CAUSES AN ACCUMALATION OF LACTIC ACID IN THE BLOOD, RESULTING IN A LOWER PH IN MUSCLE AND SERUM.
Term
MEDIATED TRANSPORT MECHANISM
Definition
USES CARRIER MOLECULES TO MOVE LARGE WATER SOLUBLE MOLECULES OR ELECTRICALY CHARGED MOLECULES ACROSS CELL MEMBRANES.
Term
METAPLASIA
Definition
A CHANGE FROM ONE CELL TYPE TO ANOTHER THAT IS BETTER ABLE TO TOLERATE ADVERSE CONDITIONS; THIS IS NOT NORMAL FOR THE CELL.
Term
MULTIPLE ORGAN DYSFUNCTION SYNDROME
Definition
THE PROGRESSIVE FAILURE OF 2 OR MORE ORGAN SYSTEMS AFTER A SEVER INJURY OR ILLNESS.
Term
NECROSIS
Definition
DEATH OF A CELL OR GROUP OF CELLS AS THE RESULT OF DISEASE OR INJURY.
Term
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM
Definition
MECHANISM THAT TENDS TO PRODUCE A RESPONSE THAT BALANCES A CHANGE IN A SYSTEM.
Term
NEOPLASIA
Definition
NEW AND ABNORMAL DEVELOPEMENT OF CELLS; CAN BE BENIGN OR MALIGNANT.
Term
OSMALALITY
Definition
THE OSMATIC PRESSURE OF A SOLUTION.
Term
OSMOSIS
Definition
THE DIFFUSION OF A SOLVENT (WATER) THROUGH A CELL MEMBRANE FROM A LESS CONCENTRATED SOLUTION TO A MORE CONCENTRATED ONE.
Term
PARTIAL PRESSURE
Definition
THE PRESSURE EXCERTED BY A SINGLE GAS.
Term
PERIPHERAL VASCULAR RESISTANCE
Definition
THE TOTAL RESISTANCE AGAINST WHICH BLOOD MUST BE PUMPED; ALSO KNOWN AS AFTERLOAD
Term
PH
Definition
AN INVERSE LOGARITHM OF HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION.
Term
PRELOAD
Definition
THE AMOUNT OF BLOOD RETURNING TO THE VENTRICLE.
Term
SEMIPERMIABLE MEMBRANE
Definition
A MEMBRANE THAT ALLOWS SOME FLUIDS AND SUBSTANCES THROUGH BUT NOT OTHERS.
Term
SHOCK
Definition
A CONDITION OF SEVERELY INADEQUITE BLOOD FLOW TO THE BODYS PERIPHERAL TISSUES THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH LIFE.
Term
SOLUTES
Definition
SUBSTANCES DISSOLVED IN A SOLUTION.
Term
STARLING HYPOTHESIS
Definition
THE CONCEPT THAT DESCRIBES THE MOVEMENT OF FLUID BACK AND FORTH ACROSS THE CAPILLARY WALL.
Term
STROKE VOLUME
Definition
THE VOLUME OF BLOOD EJECTED FROM THE VENTRICLE IN A SINGLE HEARTBEAT.
Term
T LYMPHOCYTES
Definition
LYMPHS RESPONSIBLE FOR CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY.
Term
VIRULENCE
Definition
THE RELATIVE STRENGTH OF A PATHOGEN.
Term
ANAEROBIC
Definition
OF OR PERTAINING TO THE ABSCENCE OF OXYGEN.
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