Term
|
Definition
1-3. Pneumocosis (anthracosis, silicosis, asbestosis)
4. Tattoo ink
5. Carotenoids |
|
|
Term
| Rhodesian ridgebacks are prone to this genetic defect |
|
Definition
| DERMOID SINUSES or CYSTS (a homozygous dominant defect!) (sinuses connect) |
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|
Term
| 3 common sites of calcinosis circumscripta |
|
Definition
Pressure points of joints
Tongue
Suture sites |
|
|
Term
| Breed predisposition of calcinosis circumscripta |
|
Definition
| Large breed dogs (esp German shepherds) |
|
|
Term
| 4 sites of osseous metaplasia in dogs |
|
Definition
1. lungs
2. dura of spinal cord
3. aging joints ("bone spurs")
4. wherever mineralization has occurred |
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Term
|
Definition
| Deposition of uric acid or urates in tissue (especially in birds or reptiles) |
|
|
Term
| Gout is associated with what physiological condition? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Tyrosine -> dopa -> melanin |
|
|
Term
| 2 causes of hyperpigmentation |
|
Definition
1) chronic dermatitis
2) keratoconjunctivitis (dry eye -> hyperpigmented cornea) |
|
|
Term
| Proper name for fat necrosis in cats |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is prone to malignant melanoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 types of ACQUIRED insufficient melanin |
|
Definition
1) copper deficiency
2) skin injury, like freezing
3) vitiligo |
|
|
Term
| White spots on the skin, growing in size and number, due to the unexplained death of melanocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Copper deficiency looks like this in cattle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) lipofuscin
2) ceroid
3) ceroid-lipofuscin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. bruising
2. icterus or jaundice (bilirubin)
3. hemosiderosis
4. hemochromatosis
5. hemomelasma ilei
6. splenic capsular plaques |
|
|
Term
| Excess brown hematogenous pigment in an organ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 common sites of hemosiderosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Excess brown hematogenous pigment in an organ, which damages tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 causes of hemochromatosis |
|
Definition
1. congenital excess of iron
2. dietary excess of iron |
|
|
Term
| Example of who gets hemochromatosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This clinically insignificant pigmentation can be seen in the small intestine of horses - what is it, and what is deposited? |
|
Definition
| Hemomelasma ilei (caused by hemosiderin) |
|
|
Term
| This tissue is most susceptible to lysosomal storage diseases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Brown granules of FAT breakdown that accumulate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| On a cellular level, where do lipofuscins accumulate? |
|
Definition
| On either side of the nucleus (at least, that's what I know about lipofuscin in myocardial cells) |
|
|
Term
| Three tissue types that accumulate lipofuscin |
|
Definition
Myocardium - long-lived!
Neurons - long-lived!
Hepatocytes - super active, especially if cats love fish |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Orange (think tuna-loving cats) |
|
|
Term
What causes ceroid-lipofuscinosis?
Where is it seen? |
|
Definition
Congenital disease
Especially seen in neurons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Red pigment
When exposed to UV light will release free radicals, causing tissue damage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In the context of pathology, this exclusively refers to an increase in circulating porphyrins! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Type I: ingestion of plants or drugs
Type II: congenital
Type III: hepatogenous |
|
|
Term
| Sign of congenital porphyria |
|
Definition
| Brown teeth that glow pink under a blacklight! |
|
|
Term
| 4 problems with the eyes of collies |
|
Definition
Collie eye anomaly:
1. Choroidal hypoplasia
2. Coloboma
3. Retinal detachment
4. Hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
| Components of splenic capsular plaques |
|
Definition
Mineral + hemosiderin + collagen
** clinically insignificant! |
|
|
Term
| Absence or defect of some ocular tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This dermal defect is found in Shar Peis |
|
Definition
Cutaneous mucinosis
(excess mucin under the skin) |
|
|
Term
| Irish Water Spaniels get this |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathogenesis of AA amyloidosis |
|
Definition
| Chronic inflammation -> interleukin 6 -> an acute phase protein (SERUM AMYLOID A) is produced by the liver -> misfolds, recruits, aggregates -> excess misfolding SAA deposited in multiple possible organs -> compression of healthy cells |
|
|
Term
| What makes pancreatic islet amyloids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
scrapie
bovine spongiform encephalopathy
feline spongiform encephalopathy
transmissible mink encephalopathy
chronic wasting disease (deer & elk) |
|
|
Term
| 5 examples of dystrophic mineralization |
|
Definition
1. dead parasites
2. center of some granulomas (eg. TB lung)
3. necrotic muscle (white muscle dz)
4. enzymatic fat digestion
5. pedunculated lipomas (horses) |
|
|
Term
| Dystrophic mineralization happens by these two means |
|
Definition
Intracellular - mitochondria bind Ca
Extracellular - membrane phosphates bind Ca |
|
|
Term
| 3 causes of hypercalcemia that predisposes an animal to metastatic mineralization |
|
Definition
primary hyperparathyroidism
hypervitaminosis D (rodenticides, plant intestion, granulomatous dz, iatrogenic)
neoplasia |
|
|
Term
| 4 sites of metastatic mineralization |
|
Definition
lungs
gastric mucosa
renal tubular BM
vessel walls |
|
|
Term
| defect in cartilage growth that affects bone shape |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does chondrodysplasia predispose an animal to? |
|
Definition
| intervertebral disc disease (mineralization and herniation) |
|
|
Term
| cats that get chondrodysplasia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is predisposed to carotenoid pigmentation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| closure of a normal opening in a tubular organ's development |
|
Definition
| atresia (eg GI, biliary, anus) |
|
|
Term
| metastases via blood vessels is characteristic of... |
|
Definition
sarcomas
AKA "tumor emboli" |
|
|
Term
what does silicosis lead to?
who is it common in? |
|
Definition
pulmonary fibrosis
western horses |
|
|
Term
| these fibers are common in the lungs of smokers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fat-soluble pigments of plant origins, found in fat, adrenal cortex, and corpora lutea |
|
|
Term
| Local invasion is characteristic of this kind of neoplasia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| generalized skeletal development anomaly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Normal tissue in an abnormal location |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| excess tissue in a normal location |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 features of schistosomus reflexus |
|
Definition
1. spinal inversion
2. hypoplastic lungs |
|
|
Term
| tissue types that are epithelial origins of neoplasias |
|
Definition
skin, GI, uterus, bladder
pancreas, liver, adrenal |
|
|
Term
| 3 characteristics of epithelial cell types |
|
Definition
1. cohesive cell arrangement
2. intercellular bridges
3. glandular, secrete mucus |
|
|
Term
| These neoplasias often metastasize by lymphatics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a mass composed of 2+ germ cell lineages |
|
Definition
teratoma
(usually gonadal) |
|
|
Term
| fibrous CT response to invading neoplasa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
"to grow backwards"
-lack of differentiation and arrangement
-may or not be neoplastic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is speculated to cause the high-stepping gait in show animals? |
|
Definition
cerebellar abiotrophy
(=atrophy of the cerebellum) |
|
|
Term
| What Artemis has on his lips? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do dogs and cats get AA amyloidosis? |
|
Definition
Shar Peis & Abyssinians: renal medulla
old dogs: glomeruli |
|
|
Term
| 3 non-dog/cat animals that get AA amyloidosis |
|
Definition
cheetahs (is it CONTAGIOUS?)
cattle
waterfowl (in the joints) |
|
|
Term
| What causes uremic mineralization? |
|
Definition
High PO4:Ca ratio & azotemia
**this happens when the kidneys STOP EXCRETING PHOSPHORUS |
|
|
Term
| what do Saler's cattle get? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 features of beta-mannosidosis |
|
Definition
1. narrow palpebral fissure
2. cone-shaped head
3. head tremors |
|
|
Term
| what inborn error of metabolism are Westies prone to? |
|
Definition
| globoid cell leukodystrophy |
|
|
Term
| Who is prone to globoid cell leukodystrophy |
|
Definition
| West Highland White Terriers |
|
|
Term
| Musculoskeletal disease that Siamese cats are prone to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is prone to mucopolysaccharidosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most common inborn error of metabolism |
|
Definition
Mucopolysaccharidosis in Siamese cats!
11% of all Siamese have this to some degree! |
|
|
Term
| Mucopolysaccharidosis presents as this if mild |
|
Definition
| Degenerative joint disease of the shoulders and knees |
|
|
Term
| 3 consequences of bovine muscular hypertrophy |
|
Definition
Dystocia
Macroglossia
Heart failure |
|
|
Term
| What impedes the production of melanin? |
|
Definition
| Copper deficiency -> no tyrosinase activity |
|
|
Term
| 2 sites of melanosis in cattle |
|
Definition
esophagus
rostral meninges |
|
|
Term
| site of melanosis in sheep |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| benign neoplasia of the endothelium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decrease in cell numbers and/or size after normal growth has been achieved |
|
|
Term
| Why does granulomatous disease produce a hypercalcemia? |
|
Definition
| Macrophages in granulomatous disease release vitamin D precursors. Vitamin D increases Ca via bone, kidney, and intestines. |
|
|
Term
| What kind of cancer is caused by UV radiation in non-human animals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pigment that makes horse fat yellow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| gene mutation in dwarfism |
|
Definition
| fibroblast growth factor 4 |
|
|
Term
| Small spicules of bone in dog lungs represent what process? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathogenesis of feline pansteatitis. |
|
Definition
| Cats eat lots of fish -> vitamin E deficiency -> breakdown of lipid -> ceroid |
|
|
Term
| What is white chalky material in the joints of reptiles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cells store lipofuscin? |
|
Definition
| Neurons, myocardium, hepatocytes |
|
|
Term
| Does a strangulating lipoma cause dystrophic or metastatic mineralization? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bony plaques in the dura of the spinal cord of a dog |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 locations of calcinosus circumscripta |
|
Definition
| 1. tongue 2. surgery site 3. joints |
|
|
Term
| Name a cell injury lesions in a dog given excess glucocorticoids and its pathogenesis |
|
Definition
| Steroid hepatopathy - accumulation of glycogen in the liver |
|
|
Term
| Fibrin strands throughout the abdominal cavity indicate what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Predisposed to choroidal hypoplasia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why might colic produce DIC? |
|
Definition
| Colic -> release of gram negative organisms into bloodstream -> release of tissue factor from endothelial damage -> petechial hemorrhages, organ failure, and mixed clotting patterns |
|
|
Term
| Name an organ and give an example of hyperplasia, hypertrophy, atrophy, malignant neoplasia, hypoplasia, aplasia |
|
Definition
Uterus!
Hyperplasia: Cystic endometrial hyperplasia
Hypertrophy: pregnancy
Atrophy: following an ovariectomy (lack of endocrine stimulation)
Malignant neoplasia: leimyosarcoma
Hypoplasia: congenital
Aplasia: segmental uterine horn aplasia |
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