Term
| Is edema a transudate or exudate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the contents of pus |
|
Definition
| mostly neutrophils, dead cell debris, and often microbes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pus in a body cavity, and if not otherwise stated, in the pleural cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wbc accumulate along the vascular endothelium |
|
|
Term
| immediate transient response |
|
Definition
| formation of gaps in the VENULES after exposure to mediator (**histamine**, bradykinins, leukotrienes, substance P ect) leading to phophorylation of contractile proteins allowing for cells to contract and separation of intercellular junctions |
|
|
Term
| Immediate sustained response |
|
Definition
| leakage after injury in all levels of circulation (arterioles, venules, capillaries) |
|
|
Term
| During inflammation, what occurs to the lympatic vessels? |
|
Definition
| they proliferate to handle the increased load |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the lymphatic channels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the draining lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| WBC movement from inside a vessel to interstitial tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| endothelium fully lined by WBCs |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| LFA-1 and Mac-1 bind ICAM-1 |
|
|
Term
| Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 (LAD1) |
|
Definition
| defects in the B2 chain of the B2 integrins |
|
|
Term
| Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 2 (LAD2) |
|
Definition
| absence of sialyl-Lewis X, the ligand for E-selectin |
|
|
Term
| What molecules stimulate the redistribution of P-selectin to the cell surface? |
|
Definition
| Histamine** thrombing and platelet activating factor |
|
|
Term
| What induces the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells (e.g. ICAM and VCAM) |
|
Definition
| TNF and IL-1 (released from macrophages, mast cells, and endothelial cells) |
|
|
Term
| Where is P-selectin stored within an endothelial cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does diapedesis normally occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of WBC predominates in viral infections? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is different about a Pseudomonas infection? |
|
Definition
| neutrophils prevail for 2-4 days |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| receptors on leukocytes that respond to substances only found on the microbe |
|
|
Term
| What do g-protein coupled receptors on leukocytes do? |
|
Definition
| recognize short peptides which contain N-formylmethionyl residues that allow it to migrate through endothelium and produce microbicidal substances |
|
|
Term
| What are the major opsonins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
defective fusion of phagosomes and lysosomes in phagocytes
results in neutropenia, defective granulation, and delayed microbial killing...giant granules present in leukocytes, and they have an increased susceptibility to infections |
|
|
Term
| Chronic granulomatous disease |
|
Definition
defects in genes encoding components of NADPH oxidase
granulomas form to compensate for inadequate neutrophil activity
recurrent bacterial infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produced in most tissues for homeostatic functions as well as inflammation functions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does 5-lipoxygenase produce? |
|
Definition
| 5-HPETE (which produces Leukotriene B4 and LTC/d/e4 |
|
|
Term
| what does 12-lipoxygenase produce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| irreversibile inhibits cox1 and cox2 inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 major cytokines of inflammation that are produced mainly by macrophages? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fever, loss of appetite, release of neutrophils into circulation, release of corticosteroids |
|
|
Term
| Primary (azurophil) granules on neutrophils |
|
Definition
larger and more destructive, primarily release into phagosomes
myeloperoxidase
bactericidal factors
acid hydrolases
neutral proteases: elastase, cathepsin G
neutral proteases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secondary or Specific granules on neutrophils |
|
Definition
smaller
lysozyme
collagenase
gelatinase
lactoferrin
plasminogen activator
histaminase
alkaline phophatase |
|
|
Term
Classic Pathway of Compliment
Alternate Pathway of Compliment
Lectin Pathway of compliment |
|
Definition
-fixation of C1 to antibody combined with antigen
-triggered by microbial surface molecules, polysaccharides, cobra venom
-lectin binds to carbohydrates on microbes directly activating C1 |
|
|
Term
| What are the components of the membrane attack complex? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What binds to protease-activated receptors? |
|
Definition
Thrombin. These receptors are expressed on platelets, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells
induces inflammation by:
-promoting recruitment and adhesion of leukocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| conversion of dead tissue or exudate into fibrous tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| local defect on the SURFACE of an organ or tissue produced by sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| toxic plasma lipid components induce chronic inflammation of blood vessel walls |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| macrophages of connective tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| macrophages of spleen and lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
found in connective tissue
anaphylactic reactions to food
degranulation of histamine and eicosanoids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| product of cyclooxygenase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enlarged and flattened, seen in granulomatous inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a focal area of chronic inflammation with aggregates of epithelioid macrophages surrounded by a rim of lymphocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nuclei are arranged around the periphery |
|
|
Term
| foreign body type giant cell |
|
Definition
| nuclei are scattered haphazardly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stimulate prostaglandin synthesis in the hypothalamus, resetting the temperature set-point to a higher level |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acute-phase protein, increase risk of MI |
|
|
Term
| If a patient has an increase ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) what is this indicative of? |
|
Definition
| suggests an acute phase response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plasma proteins made in liver that dramatically increase in response to inflammatory stimuli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| more immature NEUTROPHILS enter bloodstream |
|
|
Term
| lymphocytosis is commonly seen in what type of infections |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Leukopenia seen in what infectious diseases |
|
Definition
| typhoid fever and rickettsiae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| found in eosinophils, cytotoxic to many parasites |
|
|
Term
| what enzyme is deficient in chronic granulomatous disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what chemical mediator aids in the regulation of septic shock? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the two main granules of neutrophils? |
|
Definition
| primary (azurophil) granules and secondary (specific) granules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| serine proteases in CTLs that aid in the destruction of virally-infected cells |
|
|
Term
| where does thrombin bind on platelets, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells? |
|
Definition
| PARs (protease-activated receptors) |
|
|
Term
| what are the two sources of the fluid seen in serous inflammation? |
|
Definition
| plasma, mesothelial cells |
|
|
Term
| what causes immobilization of macrophages at the site of inflammation? |
|
Definition
| cytokines and oxidized lipids |
|
|
Term
| increased levels of what causes RBCs to form stack (rouleaux)? |
|
Definition
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