Term
| Prokaryote comes from the Greek words for _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Eukaryote comes from the Greek words for _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| In a _____, there is one circular chromosome, not bound by a membrane. |
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Definition
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Term
| In a _____, there are no histones. |
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Definition
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Term
| In a _____, there are no organelles. |
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Definition
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Term
| In a _____, the cell walls contain peptidoglycan. |
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Definition
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Term
| A _____ reproduces by binary fission. |
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Definition
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Term
| In a _____, there are paired chromosomes bound in a nuclear membrane. |
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Definition
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Term
| In a _____, there are histones. |
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Definition
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Term
| In a _____, there are organelles. |
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Definition
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Term
| In a _____, the cell wall contains polysaccharides. |
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Definition
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Term
| A _____ reproduces by mitosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| A cell's morphology is its _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The 3 most common morphologies are _____, _____, and _____. |
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Definition
| cocci (spherical), bacilli (rods), and spirrella (spiral) |
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Term
| Some unusual morphologies are _____ and _____. |
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Definition
| stella (star-shaped), haloarcula (square) |
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Term
| An organism that always keeps the same shape is _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Organisms that change shape are _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| An arrangement that consists of a pair of spheres is called _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| An arrangement that consists of a pair of rods is called _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| An arrangment that consists of a cluster of spheres is called _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| An arrangement that consists of a chain of spheres is called _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| An arrangement that consists of a chain of rods is called _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| An arrangement that isn't specific is called _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ is a general term referring to extracellular polymeric material (glycoprotein)produced by some bacteria, epithelia and other cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| Glycocalyx is located on the outside of the _____ and is usually _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| A capsule is _____ (neatly organized/unorganized). |
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Definition
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Term
| A slime layer is _____ (neatly organized/unorganized). |
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Definition
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Term
| Extracellular polysaccharide allows cells to _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Capsules prevent _____, which is _____. |
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Definition
| phagocytosis, being eaten by other cells |
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Term
| Flagella are located outside of the _____ and are made of chains of _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Flagella are attached to a _____ and anchored to the wall and membrane by the _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| A flagella's _____ gives its motility. |
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Definition
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Term
| A _____ flagella arrangement consists of a single flagellum. |
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Definition
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Term
| A _____ flagella arrangement consists of one flagellum on each end. |
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Definition
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Term
| A _____ flagella arrangement consists of many flagella on each end. |
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Definition
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Term
| A _____ flagella arrangement consists of flagella all over. |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the hook of a flagellum assist in movement? |
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Definition
| it spins to propel the organism with a wave-like motion |
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Term
| Motile cells can move by flagella, _____ (straight line), or _____ (bouncing around). |
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Definition
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Term
| Motile cells can move toward or away from _____, termed _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Flagella proteins are _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Spirochetes can move by _____, axial filaments located inside of the cell, the rotation of which causes movement. |
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Definition
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Term
| Fimbriae allow cells to _____. |
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Definition
| adhere to surfaces of other cells |
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Term
| _____ are used to transfer DNA from one cell to another. |
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Definition
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Term
| The cell wall prevents osmotic _____, which is _____, and also contributes to the ability of some species to _____. |
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Definition
| lysis, rupture when water pressure of the inside of the cell is greater than that of the outside, cause disease |
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Term
| Cell walls of bacteria are composed of _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Peptidoglycan is a polymer of the disaccharide, _____, and _____. |
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Definition
| N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) |
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Term
| The monomers of peptidoglycan are held together by _____ (chains of amino acids). |
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Definition
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Term
| A gram positive cell wall consists of _____ layer(s) of peptidoglycan. |
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Definition
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Term
| A gram negative cell wall consists of _____ layer(s) of peptidoglycan. |
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Definition
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Term
| A gram positive cell wall _____ (contains/doesn't contain) teichoic acids. |
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Definition
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Term
| A gram negative outer membrane _____ (contains/doesn't contain) teichoic acids. |
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Definition
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Term
| In gram positive acid-fast cells, the cell wall contains _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are teichoic acids? What is their charge? What is their function? |
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Definition
| alcohol plus a phosphate, negative, binds and regulates movement of cations in and out of cell |
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Term
| Polysaccharides in gram-positive cell walls provide _____. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| A gram negative outer membrane contains _____, _____, and _____. |
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Definition
| lipopolysaccharidse, lipoproteins, phospholipids |
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Term
| The _____ of the gram negative outer membrane forms the space between the outer membrane and the plasma membrane. |
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Definition
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Term
| A gram negative outer membrane provides protection from _____, _____, and _____. |
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Definition
| phagocytes, complement, antibiotics |
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Term
| What toxic substance do gram negative outer membranes contain? |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ proteins form channels through the gram negative outer membrane. |
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Definition
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Term
| When crystal violet, iodine, then alcohol are added to a gram positive cell, crystal violet-iodine crystals form in the cell. What happens to them? What happens to the peptidoglycan? |
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Definition
| The crystals are too large to escape the wall. The alcohol dehydrates the peptidoglycan. |
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Term
| When crystal violet, iodine, and alcohol are added to a gram negative cell, crystal violet-iodine crystals from in the cell. What happens to them? What happens to the peptidoglycan? |
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Definition
| The crystals wash out. The alcohol dissolves the outer membrane and leaves holes in the peptidoglycan. |
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Term
| When alcohol is added to a gram negative cell, _____. |
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Definition
| the alcohol dissolves the outer membrane and leaves holes in the peptidoglycan |
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Term
| _____ lack cell walls. Their membranes contain sterols that help prevent _____. |
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Definition
| Mycoplasms, osmotic lysis |
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Term
| In archea, a cell wall is either absent or contain _____, which lack _____ and _____. |
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Definition
| pseudomurein, NAM, D amino acids |
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Term
| _____ digest disaccharide in peptidoglycan. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ inhibits peptide bridges in peptidoglycan. |
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Definition
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Term
| A _____ is a wall-less cell. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ is a wall-less gram positive cell. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ are wall-less cells that swell into irregular shapes. |
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Definition
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Term
| Protoplasts and spheroplasts are susceptible to _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The plasma membrane is a _____ bilayer. |
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Definition
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Term
| The plasma membrane is made up of ______ proteins, _____ proteins, and _____ proteins. |
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Definition
| peripheral, integral, transmembrane |
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Term
| According to the fluid mosaic model, the plasma membrane is _____ rather than _____. |
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Definition
| as viscuous as olive oil, rigid |
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Term
| According to the fluid mosaic model, proteins _____ to function. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| According to the fluid mosaic model, phospholipids rotate and move _____. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The plasma membrane is _____, which means that only the passage of some molecules is allowed. |
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Definition
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Term
| Enzymes for _____ are contained in the plasma membrane. |
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Definition
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Term
| In the plasma membrane, there are phtosynthetic pigments on foldings called _____ or _____. |
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Definition
| chromatophores, thylakoids |
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Term
| _____, _____, _____, _____, can cause damage (denaturation) to the membrane and leakage of cell contents. |
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Definition
| Alcohols, quaternary ammonium (detergents), polymyxin antiobiotics |
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Term
| Simple diffusion is the movement of solute from an area of _____ concentration to an area of _____ concentration and _____(does/does not) require energy. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ is the movement of solute combined with a transporter protein in the membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration and does not require energy. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| _____ is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of _____ water concentration to an area of _____ water concentration. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Osmotic pressure is the _____. |
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Definition
| pressure needed to stop the movement of water across the membrane. |
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Term
| An isotonic environment has _____ (the same, more, less) solute concentration when compared to the cell. |
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Definition
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Term
| A hypotonic environment has _____ (the same, more, less) solute concentration when compared to the cell. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| An hypertonic environment has _____ (the same, more, less) solute concentration when compared to the cell. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| When a cell is placed in an isotonic solution, the net movement of water is _____ (zero, inward, outward). What are the effects, if any? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| When a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, the net movement of water is _____ (zero, inward, outward). What are the effects, if any? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, the net movement of water is _____ (zero, inward, outward). What are the effects, if any? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the most common isotonic solution? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the most common hypotonic solution? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| In _____, substance movement requires a transporter protein and energy. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| In _____, substance movement require a transporter protein and PEP (pyruvic enol phosphate). Why is PEP required? |
|
Definition
| group translocation, has more energy than ATP |
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Term
| The _____ is the substance inside of the plasma membrane. |
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Definition
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Term
| A prokaryotic cell contains a _____ (a.k.a. _____) that is not clearly defined by a membrane. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ are the sites for protein synthesis. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| DNA-->_____-->_____-->_____-->protein |
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Definition
| RNA, amino acids, polypeptide chains |
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Term
| Ribosomes are made up of two parts, the _____ and the _____. S is a _____ value, which is associated with _____. S _____(is/is not) an additive property. |
|
Definition
| large subunit, small subunit, sedentary value, how they move up and down in centrifuged solution, is not |
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Term
| _____ are formed in resting cells and are resistant to desiccation, heat, and chemicals. They are kept safe until environmental conditions are suitable for growth. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| _____ is endospore formation. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| _____ is the process of the cell returning to vegetative state (normal growth). |
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Definition
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|
Term
[image]
What kind of cell is this? |
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Definition
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|
Term
[image]
What kind of cell is this? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
[image]
What structures are these? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| _____ are small, tubelike structures that allow a cell to move. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Microtubules are made up of _____ proteins. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The arrangement of microtubules is _____ pairs around _____ arrangements. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| _____, _____, and _____ have cell walls composed of _____. |
|
Definition
plants, algae, fungi, carbohydrates
[image]
[image]
[image]
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|
Term
| Eukaryotic cell walls contain _____, _____, _____, and _____. |
|
Definition
| cellulose, chitin, glucan, mannan |
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|
Term
| _____, a layer of materical containing substantial amounts of sticky carbohydrates, covers the plasma membrane of animal cells. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The eukaryotic plasma membrane is a _____ bilayer. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The eukaryotic plasma membrane contains 3 types of proteins: _____, _____, and _____. |
|
Definition
| peripheral, integral, and transmembrane |
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Term
| _____, complex lipids that help prevent lysis, are found in eukaryotic cell membranes. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Eukaryotic plasma membranes contain glycocalyx _____ that serve as attachment sites for bacteria and as receptor sites that assume a role in such functions as cell-cell recognition. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The eukaryotic plasma membrane is _____, which means only some molecules are allowed to pass. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| _____ is a type of transport that only eukaryotic cells perform. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| _____ is a type of endocytosis where pseudopods extend to engulf particles. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| _____ is a type of endocytosis where the membrane folds inward bringing in fluid and dissolved substances. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| In a eukaryotic cell, the _____ is the substance inside the plasma membrane and outside of the nucleus. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| In a eukaryotic cell, the _____ is the fluid portion of cytoplasm. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| In a eukaryotic cell, the _____ consists of the microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Prokaryotic cells do not have this. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| _____ is the movement of cytoplasm throughout cells. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| _____ are structures with specific shapes and specialized functions that are characterisitc of a eukaryotic cell. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The _____ is an organelle that contains chromosomes. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The _____ is the transport network organelle. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The _____ is the organelle with the function of membrane formation and secretion. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The ____ is an organelle that contains digestive enzymes. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The _____ is the organelle that brings food into cells and provides support. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The _____ is the organelle with the function of cellular respiration. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The _____ is the organelle with the function of photosynthesis. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A _____ is an organelle involved in protein synthesis. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A _____ is an organelle that consists of protein fibers and centrioles. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A _____ is an organelle involved in mitotic spindle formation. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
[image]
What structure is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
What structure is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are ribosomes located? |
|
Definition
| Membrane-bound to ER, or free in the cytoplasm |
|
|
Term
| What do ribosomes attached to chloroplasts and mitochondria do? |
|
Definition
| synthesize mitochondrial and chloroplast proteins |
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|
Term
[image]
What structure is number 3? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
What structure is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What structure is this?
[image]
|
|
Definition
|
|
