Term
| MyD88 Independent Signalling |
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Definition
TLR 3 7 8 9
-endosomal membrane
-TRIF dependent
-IFN inducible gene expression
-Caspase activation
-costim molecule induction
-proinflammatory mediator production |
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Term
| MyD88 Dependent Signalling |
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Definition
TLR signalling
TIR -->MyD88 -->IRAK1,4 -->TRAF6 -->MAPK or NFkB which increase cytokine production and costimulatory molecule induction
*all TLRs but TLR3 CAN use this signalling pathway
*most defects are in MyD88 dependent pathways [NEMO and IKBA and IRAK4] |
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Term
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Definition
non immune mediated immediate hypersensitivty reactions
ex: exercise induced asthma |
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Term
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Definition
due to histamine, vasodilation and increased microvascualr leakage
short lived itchy edema of cutaneous tissues
same as skin prick test |
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Term
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Definition
short lived non itchy edema of subcutaneous
ex: lip swelling |
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Term
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Definition
| chronic itchy inflammation of skin, mediated by histamine |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Foxp3, T reg cells secrete IL-10 which regulates Th1 and Th2 balance and may prevent many HS rxns! |
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Term
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Definition
| GATA3 --> release of IL-4 --> Th2 reponse --> Tells B Cells to CSR to IgE |
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Term
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Definition
| T-BET. Th1 release IFNgamma which inhibits Th2 |
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Term
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Definition
armed basophils, mast cells both degranulate releasing:
-5HT, histamine, proteases, chemotactic factors [preformed]
-cytokines, chemokines and GF [newly formed]
results: increased permeability, vasodilation, complement leakage to tissue, mucus secretion, itching, sneezing |
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Term
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Definition
4-6 hrs
-entry of eosinophils, sensitized basophils, neutrophils
-eosinophils attracted by Th2 and mast cells and interact with IgE, IgA and IgG and degranulate
-Basophils release preformed mediators IL-4 and IL-13
-macrophages, neutrophils also release mediators |
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Term
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Definition
| systemic atopy [Type I HS] |
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Term
| Eosinophil's late stage mediators |
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Definition
| LT, PAF, cytokines, MBP, eosinophil derived neurotoxin, cationic protein |
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Term
| Basophil's late stage mediators |
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Definition
| Histamine, 5HT, proteases |
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Term
| Macrophage's/Neutrophils Late Stage Type I HS mediators |
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Definition
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Term
Late Stage Mediator [Type I]
Serotonin, 5HT |
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Definition
| vasodilation, bronchial smooth muscle contraction |
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Term
Late Stage Mediator [Type I]
proteases |
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Definition
| mucus prodcution, BM digestion |
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Term
Late Stage Mediator [Type I]
PAF |
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Definition
| smooth muscle contraction, platelet activation, degranulation |
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Term
Late Stage Mediator [Type I]
LT |
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Definition
| vasodilation, increased BV permeability, bronchial smooth muscle contraction |
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Term
Late Stage Mediator [Type I]
PG |
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Definition
| platlet aggregations, pulmonary smooth muscle contraction |
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Term
Late Stage Mediator [Type I]
MBP |
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Definition
| causes mast cell degranulation, smooth muscle contraction, death of epithelial cells |
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Term
Late Stage Mediator [Type I]
neurotoxin |
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Definition
| death of myelinated axons and neurons |
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Term
Late Stage Mediator [Type I]
cationic protein |
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Definition
| death of respiratory epithelial cells |
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Term
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Definition
exposure to many infections --> become more Th1 --> no allergies
no exposure --> remain Th2 --> allergies/asthma |
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Term
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Definition
-normal skin has IgE present bound tightly to mast cells
-allergen pricked into dermis wher eit binds specific IgE molecules or mast cell
-crosslinked IgE activates mast cells which release mediators
-mediators cause capillary vasodilation and opening of gaps
-characteristic erythema (flare) and dermal swelling (wheel) of (+) SPT |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| type II HS rxn - abs against desmosomes/basement membrane proteins |
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Term
| Blood Group Incompatibility |
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Definition
| IgM mediated, blood transfusion rxn - Type II HS, IgM ab aggultinates RBCs and activates complement and the MAC and rapidly destroys RBCs |
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Term
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Definition
Type II HS rxn, IgG mediated,
anti-D from mom cross placenta and attack fetus, so mom should be given anti D antibodies |
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Term
| Penicillin Allergic Reaction |
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Definition
-hapten, binds to protein on surface of RBC. Ab can then target penicillin:protein. Anti-penicillin antibodies wont react with RBCs to induce destruction unless penicillin:protein complex is there
*Type II HS reaction |
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Term
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Definition
inhibit COX pathway [cyclooxygenase of AA breakdown]
-tx of Type IV HS |
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Term
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Definition
inhibits metalloproteinase secretion
-type IV HS rxn tx - macrophages secrete metalloproteinase which breaks down matrix proteins |
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Term
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Definition
inhibit a wide range of macrophage functions
potent anti inflammatory (steroids) |
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Term
| Treatment for Cellular T/B Cell, Macrophage Disorders |
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Definition
1. BMT, placental stem cells
2. IVIg
3. general supportive care
4. cytokines (IL-2), CSF for neutrophils |
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Term
| Treatment for Phagocyte Deficiency |
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Definition
1. IFNg for Chronic Granulomatous Disease
2. general supportive care
3. BMT |
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Term
| Clinical Features of Primary Immunodefiency (genetic) |
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Definition
-increased susceptibiltity to infection: frequency, severity, length, complcations
-arrested lymphocyte development |
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Term
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Definition
high viral load, no antibodies developed
2 weeks
flu symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
viral load drops, antibodies start to develop
6 months |
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Term
| HIV: early symptomatic phase |
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Definition
| mid level viral load, CD4+ T cell levels begin to drop |
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Term
| HIV: late symptomatic stage |
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Definition
| high viral load, low CD4+count |
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Term
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Definition
normal levels in melanocytes, ligher levels in melanoma
-a aberrantly expressed normal protein
-tumor associated antigen |
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Term
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Definition
melanoma antigen in prostate, bladdar, breast, skin, lung, some sarcomas, normally only in testis, placenta
-expression only at certain stages of development
-aberrantly expressed normal protein
-tumor associated antigen |
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Term
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Definition
tumor assoicated antigen
-high levels in cancer and in fetus, not in adults so when seen in adult --> cancer
-developmentally regulated, depressed during malignant transformation
ex: AFP and CEA |
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Term
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Definition
carcinoembryonic antigen
-increased in many cancers of colon ,pancreas, stomach and breast
-oncofetal antigen (tumor associated antigen) |
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Term
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Definition
alpha feto protein
-secreted by yolk sac and liver, seen in hepatocellular carcinoma, germ cell tumors
-an oncofetal antigen (tumor associated antigen) |
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Term
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Definition
oncogenic virus derived proteins
-cause tumors in neonatal and immunodeficient rodents |
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Term
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Definition
cause tumors, proposed viral vectors for vaccines
oncogenic virus derived proteins |
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Term
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Definition
oncogenic virus derived proteins
nasopharyngeal cancer, B cell lymphoma (Burkitts) |
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Term
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Definition
oncogenic virus derived proteins
karposi's sarcoma in AIDS pt (or other immunocompr.) |
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Term
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Definition
acute adult T cell lymphoma
encodes Tax protein which drives proliferation of cell because it is an IL-2 mimic and so cells see it as so and clonal expansion of tumor cell occurs resulting in cancer! |
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Term
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Definition
malignancy of immune system - usually derived from immature pre-B cells. Blasts are also present in BM and blood.
young onset. aggressive |
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Term
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Definition
malignant population is mature B cells - CLL in blood, lymphoma in LN/other tissue
elderly patients, not very aggressive |
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Term
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Definition
clone of malignant plasma cells produce monoclonal Ig
elderly patients |
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Term
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Definition
-secreted by B-1 Cells
-IgM = low affinity antibody
-bind intracellular components - opsonized
-no T cell help required
-cross react with Blood Group Antigen
- do not undergo germline rearrangement
-are pre-formed
-bind DNA released from apoptotic cells and clear other cellular debri |
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