Term
dynamic vs. static equilibrium |
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Definition
dynamic equilibrium means the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction; the reactions haven't stopped
static equillibrium means the reactions have stopped |
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Term
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Definition
aA + bB ↔ cC + dD
Keq = ([C]c[D]d)/([A]a[B]b)
if a system is at equilibrium at a constant temperature the above ratio is constant, this defines the position of equilibrium; solids and liquids do not appear in the law of mass action, only gaseous and aqueous species |
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Term
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Definition
Q = ([C]c[D]d)/([A]a[B]b)
relates the reactant and product concentrations at any given time during a reaction
- if Q < K, ΔG < 0, an dthe reaction proceeds in the forward direction
- If Q = Keq, ΔG = 0, and the reaction is in dynamic equilibrium
- If Q > Keq, ΔG > 0, and the reactions proceeds in the reverse direction
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Term
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Definition
when a chemical system experiences a stress, it will react so as to restore equilibrium
- Increasing reactants/decreasing products shift right, decreasing reactants/increasing products shifts left
- Gaseous system - Increasing pressure(decreasing volume) shifts towards fewer moles of gas, Decreasing pressure(increasing volume) shift towards more moles of gas
- Temperature changes actually change the equilibrium constant - Increasing temp of endothermic/decreasing temp of exothermic shifts right, Decreasing temp of endothermic/increasing temp of exothermic shifts left
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Term
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Definition
formed with lower temperatures (smaller heat transfer), are higher in free energy than thermodynamic products; sometimes termed 'fast' products |
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Term
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Definition
higher temperature with more heat transfer; lower in free energy than kinetic products and therefore more stable; proceed more slowly but are more spontaneous (more negative ΔG) |
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