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Definition
| the step of a reaction that determine how fast the overall reactions proceeds |
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| collision theory of chemical kinetics |
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Definition
| a reaction rate is proportional to the number of effective collisions between the reacting molecules; for a collision to be effective, molecules must be in the proper orientation and have sufficient kinetic energy to exceed te activation energy |
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| molecules form a transition state or activated complex during a reaction in which the old bonds are partially dissociated and the new bonds are partially formed; from there it can proceed to products or back to reactants |
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| What factors affect reaction rate? |
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Definition
- increasing the concentration of reactant will increase react rate (except for zero order reactions) because there are more effective collisions per time
- increasing the temperature will increase reaction rate because the particles' kinetic energy is increased
- changing the medium can increase or decrease reaction rate, depending on how the reactants interact with the medium
- adding a catalyst increases reaction rate because it lowers the activation energy
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Term
write the rate law for the following
aA + bB → cC + dD |
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Definition
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| Rules when determining the rate law |
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Definition
- the exponents in the rate law are not the same as teh stoichiometric coefficients
- the equilibrium constant expression is different than the rate law
- the rate constant, k, of the rate law is only a constant for a specific reaction at a specific temperature
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Term
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Definition
have a constant rate that does not depend on the concentration of reactant; rate can only be affected by changing temperatuer or adding a catalyst; conentration vs. time curve will be a straight line that is equal to -k
[At] = [A0]-kt |
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Term
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Definition
have a nonconstant rate that depends on the concentration of one reactant; concentration vs. time curve is nonlinear; the slope of ln[A] vs. time plot is -k
[At] = [A0]e-kt |
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Term
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Definition
have a nonconstant rate that is proportional to the square of the concentration of one reactant or the concentration of two reactants; nonlinear regular graph; slope of 1/[A] vs. time plot is k
1/[At] = (1/A0) + kt |
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Definition
| those with noninteger orders |
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Definition
| those that have a rate order that changes over time |
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