Term
| periods vs groups/families |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| elements that have their valence electrons in the orbitals of either s or p subshells |
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Term
| nonrepresentative elements |
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Definition
| includes elements which have valence electrons in the s and d subshells and the s and f subshells for the transition elements and the lanthanide/actinide series, respectively |
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Term
What elements are considered metalloids?
[image] |
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Definition
| boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te), polonium (Po) and astatine (At) |
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Term
| What is effective nuclear charge and what is its trend? |
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Definition
The electrostatic attraction between the valence shell electrons and the nucleus.
- Increases left to right
- little change top to bottom but valence electrons held less tightly as you move down a group due to increased separation from nucleus
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Term
| What is the trend for atomic radii? |
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Definition
- Decreases left to right
- Increases top to bottom
So smaller as you go right and bigger as you go down |
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Term
| How do you determine if metalloids typically gain or lose electrons? |
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Definition
| If a metalloid falls to the left of the metalloid line it will typically lose electrons (like the metals on the left side of the line) and if it falls to the right it will gain electrons (similar to the nonmetals on that side) |
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Term
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Definition
| the radius of an ion; if the element loses electrons it will have a small ionic radius, if it gains electrons it will have a bigger ionic radius; more electrons gain or lost equals a bigger change in radius |
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Term
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Definition
aka ionization potential - the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous species
- increases left to right
- decreases top to bottom
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Term
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Definition
the energy dissipated by a gaseous species when it gains an electron
- increases left to right
- decreases top to bottom
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Term
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Definition
a measure of the attractive force that an atom will exert on an electron in a chemical bond
- increases left to right
- decreases top to bottom
- Fluorine is highest followed by oxygen, then nitrogen and chlorine are the same, followed by bromine, then carbon and sulfur are the same
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Term
| Some groups in the periodic table have specific names. What groups are they and what are their names? |
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Definition
- Group IA or 1 - alkali metals, first column
- Group IIA or 2 - alkaline earth metals, second column
- Group VIA or 16 - chalcogens, 3rd to last column
- Group VIIA or 17 - halogens, 2nd to last column
- Group VIIIA or 18 - noble gases, last column
- Groups 3-12 - transition metals, 3rd to 12th columns
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