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General Biology - Understanding Biological Terms Part 1
General Biology - Understanding Biological Terms - Prefixes
58
Biology
Undergraduate 2
01/12/2011

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Term
a, ab
Definition
From, away, apart (abduct - move away from the midline of the body)
Term
a, an, un
Definition
Less lack, not (asymmetrical - not symmetrical)
Term
ad (also af, ag, an, ap)
Definition
To, toward (adduct - move toward the midline of the body)
Term
allo
Definition
Different (allometric growth - different rates of growth for different rates of growth for different parts of the body during development)
Term
ambi
Definition
Both sides (ambidextrous - able to use either hand)
Term
andro
Definition
A man (androecium - the male portion of a flower)
Term
anis
Definition
Unequal (anisogamy - sexual reproduction in which the gametes are of unequal size)
Term
ante
Definition
Forward, before (anteflexion - bending forward)
Term
anti
Definition
Against (antibody - proteins that have the capacity to react against foreign substances in the body)
Term
auto
Definition
Self (autotroph - organism that manufactures its own food)
Term
bi
Definition
Two (biennial - a plant that takes two years to complete its life cycle)
Term
bio
Definition
Life (biology - the study of life)
Term
circum, circ
Definition
Around (circumcision - a cutting around)
Term
co, con
Definition
With, together (congenital - existing with or before birth)
Term
contra
Definition
Against (contraception - against conception
Term
cyt
Definition
Cell (cytology - the study of cells)
Term
di
Definition
Two (disaccharide - a compound made of two sugar molecule chemically combined)
Term
dis
Definition
Apart (dissect - cut apart)
Term
ecto
Definition
Outside (ectoderm - outer layer of cells)
Term
end, endo
Definition
Within, inner (endoplasmic reticulum - a network of membranes found within the cytoplasm)
Term
epi
Definition
On, upon (epidermis - upon the dermis)
Term
ex, e, ef
Definition
Out from, out of (extension - a straightening out)
Term
extra
Definition
Outside, beyond (extraembryonic membrane - a membrane that encircles and protects the embryo)
Term
gravi
Definition
Heavy (gravitropism - growth of a plant in response to gravity)
Term
hemi
Definition
Half (cerebral hemisphere - lateral half of the cerebrum)
Term
hetero
Definition
Other different (heterozygous - having unlike members of a gene pair)
Term
homeo
Definition
Unchanging, steady (homeostasis - reaching a steady state)
Term
homo, hom
Definition
Same (homologous - corresponding in structure; homozygous - having identical members of a gene pair)
Term
hyper
Definition
Excessive, above normal (hypersecretion - excessive secretion)
Term
hypo
Definition
Under, below, deficient (hypotonic - a solution whose osmotic pressure is less than that of a solution with which it is compared)
Term
in, im
Definition
Not (incomplete flower - a flower that does not have one or more of the four main parts)
Term
inter
Definition
Between, among (interstitial - situated between parts)
Term
intra
Definition
Within (intracellular - within the cell)
Term
iso
Definition
Equal, like (isotonic - equal osmotic pressure)
Term
macro
Definition
Large (macronucleus - a large, polyploid nucleus found in ciliates)
Term
mal
Definition
Bad, abnormal (malnutrition - poor nutrition)
Term
mega
Definition
Large, great (megakaryocyte - giant cell of bone marrow)
Term
meso
Definition
Middle (mesoderm - middle tissue layer of the animal embryo)
Term
meta
Definition
After, beyond (metaphase - the stage of mitosis after prophase)
Term
micro
Definition
Small (microscope - instrument for viewing small objects)
Term
mono
Definition
One (monocot - a group of flowering plants with one cotyledon, or seed leaf, in the seed)
Term
oligo
Definition
Small, few, scant (oligotrophic lake - a lake deficient in nutrients and organisms)
Term
oo
Definition
Egg (oocyte - cell that gives rise to an egg cell)
Term
paedo
Definition
A child (paedomorphosis - the preservation of a juvenile characteristic in an adult)
Term
para
Definition
Near, beside, beyond (paracentral - near the center)
Term
peri
Definition
Around (pericardial membrane - membrane that surrounds the heart)
Term
photo
Definition
Light (phototropism - growth of a plant in response to the direction of light)
Term
poly
Definition
Many, much, multiple, complex (polysachharide - a carbohydrate composed of many simple sugars)
Term
post
Definition
After, behind (postnatal - after birth)
Term
pre
Definition
Before (prenatal - before birth)
Term
pseudo
Definition
False (pseudopod - a temporary protrusion of a cell, i.e., "false foot")
Term
retro
Definition
Backward (retroperitoneal - located behind the peritoneum)
Term
semi
Definition
Half (semlinar - half-moon)
Term
sub
Definition
Under (subtaneous tissue - tissue immediately under the skin)
Term
super, supra
Definition
Above (supraneal - above the kidney)
Term
sym
Definition
With, together (sympatric speciation - evolution of a new species within the same geographic region as the parent species)
Term
syn
Definition
With, together (syndrome - a group of symptoms that occur together and characterize a disease)
Term
trans
Definition
Across, beyond (transport - carry across)
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