Term
Aerobic Respiration
(for glucose) |
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Definition
form of cellular respiration requiring molecular oxygen
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 --> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + E |
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Term
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Definition
| 1st step in aerobic respiration, takes place in cytosol, glucose is degraded to pyruvate; net profit of 2 ATP; H atoms go to carriers and cell can proceed anerobically |
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Term
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Definition
| in mitochondria, pyruvate is degraded and combined with coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA; H atoms go to carriers; CO2 is released |
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Term
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Definition
| in mitochondria; series of reactions in which the acetyl portion of acetyl CoA is degrades to CO2; H atoms go to carriers; ATP is synthesized |
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Term
| Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis |
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Definition
| in mitochondria; chain of several electron transport molecules; electrons are passed along chain; released energy is used to form a proton gradient; ATP is synthesized as protons diffuse down the gradient; oxygen is the final electron acceptor |
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Term
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Definition
| reactions in which 2 hydrogen atoms are removed from substrate and transferred to NAD+ of FAD |
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Term
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Definition
| reactions in which part of a carboxyl group is removed from the substrate as a molecule of CO2 |
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Term
| Phsophorylation Reactions |
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Definition
| phosphate group is transferred from ATP to sugar |
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Term
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Definition
| second phase of glycolysis when each G3P is converted to pyruvate and leftover hydrogens convert NAD+ to NADH |
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Term
| Substrate Level Phosphorylation |
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Definition
| reactions leading to formation of pyruvate when ATP forms when phosphate group is transferred to ADP from a phosphorylated intermediate |
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Term
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Definition
| pyruvate converts to this after they enter the mitochondria |
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Term
| Oxidative Decarboxylation |
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Definition
| the reactions that pyruvate undergoes to become Acetyl CoA; 1) carobxyl group is removed as CO2 and NAD+ accepts the electrons removed during oxidation of remaining fragment; 2) the oxidized acetyl group attaches to coezyme A |
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Term
Citric Acid Cycle
(Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle)
(Krebs Cycle) |
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Definition
| series of reactions that oxides acetyl CoA |
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Term
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Definition
| where high energy electrons of their H atoms are shuttled from one acceptor to another, and some of their energy is used to sythesize ATP |
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Term
| Oxidative Phosphorylation |
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Definition
| phosphorylation of ADP into ATP + redox reactions in electron transport chain |
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Term
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Definition
| model explaining coupling of ATP synthesis to electron transport in aerobic respiration |
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Definition
| when amino acids are metabolized by reactions in which the amino group (-NH2) is first removed |
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Term
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Definition
| respiration that does not use oxygen as the final electron acceptor; performed by some prokaryotes in anaerobic environments |
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Term
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Definition
| anaerobic pathway that does not involve an electron transport chain; 2 ATPs are formed per glucose during glycolysis |
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Term
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Definition
organisms that carry out aerobic respiration when oxygen is available but switch to fermentation when it is not
(eg. yeast) |
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Term
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Definition
| alternative pathway in anaerobic respiration in which NADH produced during glycolysis transfers H atoms to pyruvate, reducing it to lactate |
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